Ford Madox Ford



Ford Madox Ford (17 December 1873 – 26 June 1939) was an English novelist, poet, critic and editor whose journals, The English Review and The Transatlantic Review, were instrumental in the development of early 20th-century English literature. He is now best remembered for The Good Soldier (1915), the Parade's End tetralogy (1924–28) and The Fifth Queen trilogy (1906–08). The Good Soldier is frequently included among the great literature of the past century, including the Modern Library 100 Best Novels, The Observer's '100 Greatest Novels of All Time', and The Guardian's '1000 novels everyone must read'.

Biography
He was born as Ford Hermann Hueffer on 17 December 1873 to Francis Hueffer, and he had a brother, Oliver Madox Hueffer. He went by the name of Ford Madox Hueffer and in 1919 changed it to Ford Madox Ford (allegedly because it sounded too German ) in honour of his grandfather, the Pre-Raphaelite painter Ford Madox Brown, whose biography he had written.

Ford's literary life
One of his most famous works is The Good Soldier (1915), a novel set just before World War I which chronicles the tragic lives of two "perfect couples" using intricate flashbacks. In a "Dedicatory Letter to Stella Ford” that prefaces the novel, Ford reports that a friend pronounced The Good Soldier “the finest French novel in the English language!” Ford pronounced himself a "Tory mad about historic continuity" and believed the novelist's function was to serve as the historian of his own time.

Ford was involved in the British war propaganda after the outbreak of World War I. He worked for the War Propaganda Bureau managed by C. F. G. Masterman with other writers and scholars who were popular in those years, such as Arnold Bennett, G. K. Chesterton, John Galsworthy, Hilaire Belloc and Gilbert Murray. Ford wrote two propaganda books for Masterman, namely When Blood is Their Argument: An Analysis of Prussian Culture (1915), with the help of Richard Aldington, and Between St. Dennis and St. George: A Sketch of Three Civilizations (1915).

After writing the two propaganda books, Ford enlisted in the Welch Regiment on 30 July 1915, and was sent to France, thus ending his cooperation with the War Propaganda Bureau. His combat experiences and his previous propaganda activities inspired his tetralogy Parade's End (1924–1928), set in England and on the Western Front before, during and after World War I.

Ford also wrote dozens of novels as well as essays, poetry, memoir and literary criticism, and collaborated with Joseph Conrad on three novels, The Inheritors (1901), Romance (1903) and The Nature of a Crime (1924, although written much earlier). In the three to five years after this direct collaboration, Ford's greatest achievement was The Fifth Queen trilogy (1906–1908), historical novels based on the life of Katharine Howard, which Conrad called, at the time, "the swan song of historical romance."

His novel Ladies Whose Bright Eyes (1911, extensively revised in 1935) is, in a sense, the reverse of A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court.

Ford's promotion of literature
In 1908, he founded The English Review, in which he published Thomas Hardy, H. G. Wells, Joseph Conrad, Henry James, John Galsworthy and William Butler Yeats, and gave debuts to Wyndham Lewis, D. H. Lawrence and Norman Douglas. In 1924, he founded The Transatlantic Review, a journal with great influence on modern literature. Staying with the artistic community in the Latin Quarter of Paris, France, he made friends with James Joyce, Ernest Hemingway, Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound and Jean Rhys, all of whom he would publish (Ford is the model for the character Braddocks in Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises). Known in his role as critic for the statement "Open the book to page ninety-nine and read, and the quality of the whole will be revealed to you." George Seldes, in his book Witness to a Century, describes Ford's recollection of his writing collaboration with Joseph Conrad, his lack of acknowledgment by publishers of his status as coauthor. Seldes recounts Ford's disappointment with Hemingway, "and he disowns me now that he has become better known than I am. Tears now came to Ford's eyes. Ford says, "I helped Joseph Conrad, I helped Hemingway. I helped a dozen, a score of writers, and many of them have beaten me. I'm now an old man and I'll die without making a name like Hemingway." Seldes observes, "At this climax Ford began to sob. Then he began to cry."

In a later sojourn in the United States, he was involved with Allen Tate, Caroline Gordon, Katherine Anne Porter and Robert Lowell (who was then a student). Despite his deep Victorian roots, Ford was always a champion of new literature and literary experimentation. In 1929, he published The English Novel: From the Earliest Days to the Death of Joseph Conrad, a brisk and accessible overview of the history of the English novel. He had an affair with Jean Rhys, which ended bitterly.

Later life
Ford spent the last years of his life teaching at Olivet College in Michigan, and died in Deauville, France, at the age of 65.

Selected works

 * The Shifting of the Fire, as H Ford Hueffer, Unwin, 1892.
 * The Brown Owl, as H Ford Hueffer, Unwin, 1892.
 * The Queen Who Flew: A Fairy Tale, Bliss Sands & Foster, 1894
 * The Cinque Ports, Blackwood, 1900.
 * The Inheritors: An Extravagant Story, Joseph Conrad and Ford M. Hueffer, Heinemann, 1901.
 * Rossetti, Duckworth, [1902].
 * Romance, Joseph Conrad and Ford M. Hueffer, Smith Elder, 1903.
 * The Benefactor, Langham, 1905.
 * The Soul of London, Alston Rivers, 1905.
 * The Heart of the Country, Duckworth, 1906.
 * The Fifth Queen (Part One of The Fifth Queen trilogy), Alston Rivers, 1906.
 * Privy Seal (Part Two of The Fifth Queen trilogy), Alston Rivers, 1907.
 * An English Girl, Methuen, 1907.
 * The Fifth Queen Crowned (Part Three of The Fifth Queen trilogy), Nash, 1908.
 * Mr Apollo, Methuen, 1908.
 * The Half Moon, Nash, 1909.
 * A Call, Chatto, 1910.
 * The Portrait, Methuen, 1910.
 * The Critical Attitude, as Ford Madox Hueffer, Duckworth 1911 (extensively revised in 1935).
 * The Simple Life Limited, as Daniel Chaucer, Lane, 1911.
 * Ladies Whose Bright Eyes, Constable, 1911 (extensively revised in 1935).
 * The Panel, Constable, 1912.
 * The New Humpty Dumpty, as Daniel Chaucer, Lane, 1912.
 * Henry James, Secker, 1913.
 * Mr Fleight, Latimer, 1913.
 * The Young Lovell, Chatto, 1913.
 * Between St Dennis and St George, Hodder, 1915.
 * The Good Soldier, Lane, 1915.
 * Zeppelin Nights, with Violet Hunt, Lane, 1915.
 * The Marsden Case, Duckworth, 1923.
 * Women and Men, Paris, 1923.
 * Mr Bosphorous, Duckworth, 1923.
 * The Nature of a Crime, with Joseph Conrad, Duckworth, 1924.
 * Joseph Conrad, A Personal Remembrance, Little, Brown and Company, 1924.
 * Some Do Not . . ., Duckworth, 1924.
 * No More Parades, Duckworth, 1925.
 * A Man Could Stand Up --, Duckworth, 1926.
 * New York is Not America, Duckworth, 1927.
 * New York Essays, Rudge, 1927.
 * New Poems, Rudge, 1927.
 * Last Post, Duckworth, 1928.
 * A Little Less Than Gods, Duckworth, [1928].
 * No Enemy, Macaulay, 1929.
 * The English Novel: From the Earliest Days to the Death of Joseph Conrad (One Hour Series), Lippincott, 1929.
 * The English Novel, Constable, 1930.
 * When the Wicked Man, Cape, 1932.
 * The Rash Act, Cape, 1933.
 * It Was the Nightingale, Lippincott, 1933.
 * Henry for Hugh, Lippincott, 1934.
 * Provence, Unwin, 1935.
 * Ladies Whose Bright Eyes (revised version), 1935
 * Great Trade Route, OUP, 1937.
 * Vive Le Roy, Unwin, 1937.
 * The March of Literature, Dial, 1938.
 * Selected Poems, Randall, 1971.
 * Your Mirror to My Times, Holt, 1971.