Sonnet 64 by Shakespeare

Sonnet 64 is one of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. It's a member of the Fair Youth sequence, in which the poet expresses his love towards a young man.

History and the Content of the Sonnet
A Shakespearean sonnet is a poem written in iambic pentameter, meaning that it is written in lines ten syllables long and with accents falling on every second syllable. The sonnet is fourteen lines, the final two being called the couplet, in which the last words of these final two lines rhyme. The Shakespearean Sonnets were written during the Elizabethan Era in England. They consist of four parts: the first three are each four lines long and are known as quatrains, and the final part is the couplet, as previously discussed. Each quatrain develops its own idea or imagery, concluding with final thoughts to the previous three in the couplet. The first 126 sonnets are addressed to an unknown young man, and the others are dedicated to a mysterious woman, both of whom Shakespeare praises, loves, and scrutinizes repetitively. Shakespeare’s sonnets were all written during the 1590’s, though they weren’t published until after the dawn of the new century.

Shakespeare divides the sonnet into three quatrains. The opening quatrain begins with the personification of time. In this quatrain the speaker emphasizes that he will never win against time, time is destroyer of great things built by man and man will always be inferior to it. The second quatrain is written in a rhyme scheme of cdcd. Using this rhyme scheme the sonnet portrays an almost "battle" between the ocean waves and the shore. These lines foreshadow the feeling of helplessness within the speaker as time as the ultimate destroyer, "store with loss and loss with store", time will always be victorious. The last quatrain deals with the speakers realization that death is inevitable and time will come and take his love away.

Analysis and Criticism of Sonnet 64
The critic T. W. Baldwin explains that Sonnet 64 deals with Shakespeare’s struggle against time, which he “cannot withstand”. He also presents the idea of the revolution of sea and land, although not many other critics agree. Sonnet 64 “catalogues instances of inevitable destruction so as to provide a consolation for death and places “emphasis on the inescapable fact of mutability”. Because of the inevitability and finality of death, Shakespeare’s lover is not choosing to leave him. On the contrary, his lover could not do anything about it. In this way, Shakespeare is able to feel better about himself, because the love of his life was taken from him involuntarily. However, Sonnet 64 does not specify whether Shakespeare is more upset over the loss of life or the loss of love.

Most critics place Sonnet 64 in a chronological sequence or group with Sonnets 62-74. Both T. W. Baldwin and Emily Stockard agree that these sonnets are similar in subject and tone. However, another critic, Brents Stirling, disagrees. He places Sonnet 64 in a sonnet group containing only Sonnets 63-68. He argues that these sonnets should be grouped together because they are the only ones to refer to the subject of the poem in the third person rather than second person. Sonnet 64 is very similar to Shakespeare’s Sonnet 60 where both sonnet's focus on a central idolizing of “ time as the destroyer.”. In Helen Vendler’s, The Art of Shakespeare’s Sonnets”, Vendler describes Sonnet 64 to be written in a state of horror and “unprotected vulnerability.” The speaker’s horror is manifested in the line, Increasing store with loss, and loss with store. Vendler argues that in this line “ Loss wins in both cases. It is of course impossible to increase abundance with loss, and equally impossible to increase loss by adding abundance to it.” Atkins is also in agreement that sonnet 64 especially in line 12, the speaker expresses a state of fear: That Time will come and take my love away. In the “Shakespeare’s Sonnets” Atkins argues the meaning of this line is clear that “ after seeing all these other ruins, I think about your eventual ruin.” Vendler calls line 12 a “collapse into monosyllabic truth”, “ and its dismayed adolescent simplicity of rhythm, this line feels like a death.” Booth claims that in line 13 is unclear: “ death, the nearest potential antecedent, cannot choose, but it cannot weep or fear either; thought makes better sense, but it is the thinker who does the weeping and fearing.” Vendler argues that the in the last three lines of the sonnet that a “ “natural” pattern of unreveresed ruin “defeats” the intellectual mastery-by-chiasmus, as the concept of gradual leakage comes to represent personal loss. Time takes love away, a thought is like a death, one weeps to have what one fears to lose.... Having while fearing to lose is already a form of losing.” Overall, both Booth and Vendler agree in the last three lines of the sonnet the speaker weeps at the fear of losing his love, ultimately realizing that he cannot escape time and time will come and take his love away.

Analysis and Criticism of the Couplet
"This thought is as a death, which cannot choose

But weep to have that which it fears to lose."

William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 64 scrutinizes the idea of losing his loved one to Time, and views Time as an agent of Death. Shakespeare’s reference to ‘outworn buried age’ demonstrates the idea of his loved one being consumed or worn out by time and age. According to Helen Vendler, it seems that “the first twelve lines [are] a long defense – by thinking about the end of inanimate things – against thinking about the death of a living person” (. Interestingly enough, as James Grimshaw analyzes the final two lines, Shakespeare substitutes the word which for death in the couplet, adding more emphasis on the sonnet’s theme of death as an overpowering force. The love he is losing could have one of two meanings: it could either be the true death of his beloved, or in fact simply the love he has for his beloved. Vendler interprets this death as the death of his beloved, in which the couplet justly displays this as Shakespeare’s genuine concern, thus distinctly separating itself from the previous twelve lines. Shakespeare’s dread of time and age taking away his praised beloved seems to alarm him above all of the other entities he observes throughout his Sonnet 64, though he despairs in the idea that losing her is beyond his control.

Analysis on the Phonetic play of "Ruin hath taught me to ruminate"
Sonnet 64 is a great example of why people always say "You should never let your past interfere with your present". Barret argues that sonnet 64 "provides an example of past-oriented natural habitats that might interfere with the productive considerations of the future". In other words because the speaker is letting the past overwhelm his thoughts, he therefore cannot think positively about the future due to past habits or tendencies. Unlike some of the other sonnets addressed to the young man, sonnet 64 moves toward a feeling of the lover's exposure to the risk of being destroyed. Barret also argues that the phonetic play between ruminate and ruinate is as she says an "underscore a relationship inherent in the poem’s logic", "Each quatrain of the sonnet open with the same construction—“ When I have seen”—yet these statements are never met with a summational “then,” so the temporal ambiguity the phrase creates the remains unresolved: Does the speaker gesture toward repeated past actions (‘in the instances that I have seen’) or forward to a causational limit point (‘once I have seen’)?". When we read the lines that pertain to the waves and the shore,"at times the waves are winning against the shore, and then at times the shore is winning against the waves", the speaker almost speaks in a tone of confidence and determination to not let time control his life. Although when he goes to say Time will take my love away we begin to get a sense of uncertainty within the speaker. This uncertainty within the speaker is described by Barret when she argues "The sonnet registers temporal matters in personal terms; the couplet never corrects the poem’s grammatically obscured engagement with time, but instead introduces a paralyzing temporal collapse: the present moment becomes overwhelmed by an anticipation of future loss—an extreme version of ‘I miss you already.’.... The ruin/ruminate pairing bespeaks a suspicion of an imagined time spent looking back".

Line by Line Analysis
From "Shakespeare's Sonnets." Oxquarry Books Ltd. 2009.