Arthur Symons

Arthur William Symons (28 February 1865 – 22 January 1945), was an English poetry|English poet]], critic and magazine editor.

Life
Born in Milford Haven, Wales, of Cornish parents, Symons was educated privately, spending much of his time in France and Italy. In 1884–1886 he edited four of Bernard Quaritch's Shakespeare Quarto Facsimiles, and in 1888–1889 seven plays of the "Henry Irving" Shakespeare. He became a member of the staff of the Athenaeum in 1891, and of the Saturday Review in 1894, but his major editorial feat was his work with the short-lived Savoy.

His first volume of verse, Days and Nights (1889), consisted of dramatic monologues. His later verse is influenced by a close study of modern French writers, of Charles Baudelaire, and especially of Paul Verlaine. He reflects French tendencies both in the subject-matter and style of his poems, in their eroticism and their vividness of description. Symons contributed poems and essays to the Yellow Book, including an important piece which was later expanded into The Symbolist Movement in Literature, which would have a major influence on William Butler Yeats and T. S. Eliot. From late 1895 through 1896 he edited, along with Aubrey Beardsley and Leonard Smithers, The Savoy, a literary magazine which published both art and literature. Noteworthy contributors included Yeats, George Bernard Shaw, and Joseph Conrad.

In 1892, The Minister's Call, Symons's first play, was produced by the Independent Theatre Society – a private club – to avoid censorship by the Lord Chamberlain's Office.

In 1902 Symons made a selection from his earlier verse, published as Poems. He translated from the Italian of Gabriele D'Annunzio The Dead City (1900) and The Child of Pleasure (1898), and from the French of Émile Verhaeren The Dawn (1898). To The Poems of Ernest Dowson (1905) he prefixed an essay on the deceased poet, who was a kind of English Verlaine and had many attractions for Symons. In 1909 Symons suffered a psychotic breakdown, and published very little new work for a period of more than twenty years.

Verse

 * Days and Nights (1889)
 * Silhouettes (1892)
 * London Nights (1895)
 * Amoris victima (1897)
 * Images of Good and Evil (1899)
 * Poems in 2 volumes.(Contains: The Loom of Dreams in the second Volume, 1901), (1902)
 * A Book of Twenty Songs (1905)
 * The Fool of the World and other Poems (1906)
 * Knave of Hearts (1913). Poems written between 1894 and 1908)
 * Love's Cruelty (1923)
 * Jezebel Mort, and other poems (1931)

Essays

 * Studies in Two Literatures (1897)
 * Aubrey Beardsley: An Essay with a Preface (1898)
 * The Symbolist Movement in Literature (1899; 1919)
 * Cities (1903), word-pictures of Rome, Venice, Naples, Seville, etc.
 * Plays, Acting and Music (1903)
 * Studies in Prose and Verse (1904)
 * Spiritual Adventures (1905)
 * Studies in Seven Arts (1906).
 * Figures of Several Centuries (1916)
 * Studies in the Elizabethan Drama (1919)
 * Charles Baudelaire: A Study (1920)
 * Confessions: A Study in Pathology (1930). A book containing Symons's description of his breakdown and treatment.
 * A Study of Walter Pater (1934)