Carol Ann Duffy

Carol Ann Duffy, CBE, FRSL (born 23 December 1955) is a Scottish poet and playwright. She is Professor of Contemporary Poetry at the Manchester Metropolitan University, and was appointed Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom in May 2009. She is the first woman, the first Scot, and the first openly gay person to hold the position.

Her collections include Standing Female Nude (1985), winner of a Scottish Arts Council Award; Selling Manhattan (1987), which won a Somerset Maugham Award; Mean Time (1993), which won the Whitbread Poetry Award; and Rapture (2005), winner of the T.S. Eliot Prize. Her poems address issues such as oppression, gender, and violence, in an accessible language that has made them popular in schools.

Early life
Carol Ann Duffy was born to a Roman Catholic family in the Gorbals, a very poor part of Glasgow, the first child of Scot Frank Duffy, an electrical fitter whose grandparents were Irish, and May Black, who was Irish herself. The couple went on to have another four children, all boys, the family moving to Stafford, England, when Duffy was six years old. Her father worked for English Electric. He was also a trade unionist, and stood unsuccessfully as a parliamentary candidate for the Labour Party in 1983, managing Stafford Rangers football club in his spare time. Duffy was educated in Stafford at Saint Austin's RC Primary School (1962–1967), St. Joseph's Convent School (1967–1970), and Stafford Girls' High School (1970–1974), her literary talent encouraged by two English teachers, June Scriven at St Joseph's, and Jim Walker at Stafford Girls' High. She was a passionate reader from an early age, and always wanted to be a writer, producing poems from the age of 11. When one of her English teachers died, she wrote: "You sat on your desk,/ swinging your legs, reading a poem by Yeats/ to the bored girls, except my heart stumbled and blushed/ as it fell in love with the words and I saw the tree/ in the scratched old desk under my hands, heard the bird in the oak outside scribble itself on the air."

Career
When Duffy was 15, June Scriven sent her poems to Outposts, a publisher of pamphlets, where it was read by the bookseller Bernard Stone, who published some of them. When she was 16, she met Adrian Henri, the English poet, and decided she wanted to be with him, living with him until 1982. "He gave me confidence," she said, "he was great. It was all poetry, very heady, and he was never faithful. He thought poets had a duty to be unfaithful." She applied to the University of Liverpool to be near him, and began a philosophy degree there in 1974. She had two plays performed at the Liverpool Playhouse, wrote a pamphlet, Fifth Last Song, and received an honours degree in philosophy in 1977. She worked as poetry critic for The Guardian from 1988–1989, and was editor of the poetry magazine, Ambit. In 1996, she was appointed as a lecturer in poetry at Manchester Metropolitan University, and later became creative director of its Writing School.

Duffy was almost appointed Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom in 1999 after the death of Ted Hughes, but lost out on the position to Andrew Motion. Duffy said she would not have accepted the position at that time anyway, because she was in a relationship with Scottish poet Jackie Kay, had a young daughter, and would not have welcomed the public attention. She was appointed as Poet Laureate on 1 May 2009, when Motion's 10-year term was over. Duffy was featured on the South Bank Show with Melvyn Bragg in December 2009 and on 7 December she presented the Turner Prize to artist Richard Wright.

Poet laureate
In her first poem as poet laureate, Duffy tackled the scandal over British MPs expenses in the format of a sonnet. Her second, "Last Post", was commissioned by the BBC to mark the deaths of Henry Allingham and Harry Patch, the last two British soldiers to fight in World War I. Her third, "The Twelve Days of Christmas 2009", addresses current events such as species extinction, the climate change conference in Copenhagen, the banking crisis, and the war in Afghanistan. In March 2010, she wrote "Achilles (for David Beckham)" about the Achilles tendon injury that left England Footballer David Beckham out of the 2010 FIFA World Cup; the poem was published in The Daily Mirror and treats modern celebrity culture as a kind of mythicisation. "Silver Lining", written in April 2010, acknowledges the grounding of flights caused by the ash of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull. On August the 30th 2010 she premièred her poem "Vigil" for the Manchester Pride Candlelight Vigil in memory of LGBT people who have lost their lives to HIV/AIDS.

Duffy wrote a 46 line poem Rings for the 2011 wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton. The poem celebrates the rings found in nature and does not specifically mention the couple's names. It begins for both to say and continues "I might have raised your hand to the sky / to give you the ring surrounding the moon / or looked to twin the rings of your eyes / with mine / or added a ring to the rings of a tree / by forming a handheld circle with you, thee, / ...". She wrote the verse with Stephen Raw, a textual artist, and a signed print of the work was sent to the couple as a wedding gift.

In a Stylist magazine, Duffy said of becoming poet laureate "There’s no requirement. I do get asked to do things and so far I’ve been happy to do them." She also spoke about being selected for the role by The Queen, saying, "She’s lovely! I met her before I became poet laureate but when I was appointed I had an ‘audience’ with her which meant we were alone, at the palace, for the first time. We chatted about poetry. Her mother was friends with Ted Hughes whose poetry I admire a lot. We spoke about his influence on me."

Style
Duffy's work explores both everyday experience and the rich fantasy life of herself and others. In dramatising scenes from childhood, adolescence, and adult life, she discovers moments of consolation through love, memory, and language. Charlotte Mendelson writes in The Observer:

"Part of Duffy's talent – besides her ear for ordinary eloquence, her gorgeous, powerful, throwaway lines, her subtlety – is her ventriloquism. Like the best of her novelist peers ... she slides in and out of her characters' lives on a stream of possessions, aspirations, idioms and turns of phrase. However, she is also a time-traveller and a shape-shifter, gliding from Troy to Hollywood, galaxies to intestines, sloughed-off skin to department stores while other poets make heavy weather of one kiss, one kick, one letter ... from verbal nuances to mind-expanding imaginative leaps, her words seem freshly plucked from the minds of non-poets – that is, she makes it look easy."

Of her own writing, Duffy has said, "I'm not interested, as a poet, in words like 'plash'&mdash;Seamus Heaney words, interesting words. I like to use simple words, but in a complicated way." She told The Observer: "Like the sand and the oyster, it's a creative irritant. In each poem, I'm trying to reveal a truth, so it can't have a fictional beginning."

Duffy rose to greater prominence in UK poetry circles after her poem "Whoever She Was" won the Poetry Society National Poetry Competition in 1983. In her first collection, Standing Female Nude (1985), she uses the voices of outsiders, for example in the poems 'Education for Leisure' and 'Dear Norman'. Her next collection Feminine Gospels (2002) continues this vein, showing an increased interest in long narrative poems, accessible in style and often surreal in their imagery. Her 2005 publication, Rapture (2005), is a series of intimate poems charting the course of a love affair, for which she won the £10,000 T.S. Eliot Prize. In 2007, she published The Hat, a collection of poems for children. Online copies of her poems are rare, but her poem dedicated to U A Fanthorpe, Premonitions, is available through The Guardian, and several others via The Daily Mirror.

In schools
Her poems are studied in British schools at GCSE, A-level, and Higher levels. In August 2008, her Education for Leisure, a poem about violence, was removed from the AQA examination board's GCSE poetry anthology, following a complaint about its references to knife crime and a goldfish being flushed down a toilet. The poem begins, "Today I am going to kill something. Anything./I have had enough of being ignored and today/I am going to play God." The protagonist kills a fly, then a goldfish. The budgie panics and the cat hides. It ends with him, or her, leaving the house with a knife. "The pavements glitter suddenly. I touch your arm."

According to The Guardian, schools were urged to destroy copies of the unedited anthology. Duffy called the decision ridiculous. "It's an anti-violence poem," she said. "It is a plea for education rather than violence." She responded with Mrs Schofield's GCSE, a poem about violence in other fiction, and the point of it. "Explain how poetry/pursues the human like the smitten moon/above the weeping, laughing earth ..." The Mrs. Schofield of the title refers to Pat Schofield, an external examiner at Lutterworth College, Leicestershire, who complained about Education for Leisure, calling it "absolutely horrendous".

Plays and songs
Duffy is also a playwright, and has had plays performed at the Liverpool Playhouse and the Almeida Theatre in London. Her plays include Take My Husband (1982), Cavern of Dreams (1984), Little Women, Big Boys (1986) Loss (1986), Casanova (2007). Her radio credits include an adaptation of Rapture. Her children's collections include Meeting Midnight (1999) and The Oldest Girl in the World (2000). She also collaborated with the Manchester composer, Sasha Johnson Manning, on The Manchester Carols, a series of Christmas songs that premiered in Manchester Cathedral in 2007. She will also be partaking in the Bush Theatre's 2011 project Sixty Six where she has written a piece based upon a chapter of the King James Bible

Recognition
She holds honorary doctorates from the University of Dundee, the University of Hull, the University of St Andrews, and the University of Warwick, as well as an Honorary Fellowship at Homerton College, Cambridge.


 * 1983: National Poetry Competition 1st prize (for Whoever She Was)
 * 1983 Greenwich Poetry Competition ("for Words of Absolution")
 * 1984: Eric Gregory Award
 * 1986: Scottish Arts Council Book Award (for Standing Female Nude)
 * 1988: Somerset Maugham Award (for Selling Manhattan)
 * 1989: Dylan Thomas Prize
 * 1990: Scottish Arts Council Book Award (for The Other Country
 * 1992: Cholmondeley Award
 * 1993: Whitbread Awards (for Mean Time)
 * 1993: Scottish Arts Council Book Award (for Mean Time)
 * 1993: Forward Prize (for Mean Time)
 * 1995: Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE)
 * 1995: Lannan Award
 * 1999: Signal Children's Poetry Prize
 * 2001: National Endowment for Science Technology and the Arts Award
 * 2002: Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE)
 * 2005: T S Eliot Prize (for Rapture)

Publications

 * 1974: Fleshweathercock and Other Poems. Outposts ltd.
 * 1977: (with Adrian Henri) Beauty and the Beast (poetry)
 * 1982: Fifth Last Song. Headland (poetry)
 * 1982: Take My Husband (play)
 * 1984: Cavern of Dreams (play)
 * 1985: Standing Female Nude. Anvil Press Poetry (poetry)
 * 1986: Little Women, Big Boys (play)
 * 1986: Loss (radio play)
 * 1986: Thrown Voices. Turret Books, pamphlet (poetry)
 * 1987: Selling Manhattan. Anvil Press Poetry (poetry)
 * 1990: The Other Country. Anvil Press Poetry (poetry)
 * 1992: I Wouldn't Thank You for a Valentine (ed.) Viking (poetry anthology)
 * 1992: William and the Ex-Prime Minister. Anvil Press Poetry, pamphlet, (poetry).
 * 1993: Mean Time Anvil Press Poetry (poetry)
 * 1994: Anvil New Poets Volume 2. (Ed.) Penguin (poetry anthology)
 * 1994: Selected Poems. Penguin (poems)
 * 1995: Penguin Modern Poets 2 with Vicki Feaver and Eavan Boland. Penguin. (Poetry)
 * 1996: Grimm Tales. Faber and Faber. (Play)
 * 1996: Salmon - Carol Ann Duffy: Selected Poems. Salmon Poetry. (Poetry)
 * 1996: Stopping for Death. Viking (poetry anthology)
 * 1997: More Grimm Tales. Faber and Faber (children's play)
 * 1998: The Pamphlet. Anvil Press Poetry (poetry)
 * 1999: Meeting Midnight. Faber and Faber (children's poetry)
 * 1999: The World's Wife Anvil Press Poetry (poetry)
 * 1999: Time's Tidings: Greeting the 21st Century. (Ed.) Anvil Press Poetry (poetry anthology)
 * 2000: The Oldest Girl in the World. Faber and Faber (children's poetry)
 * 2001: Hand in Hand: An Anthology of Love Poems. (Ed.) Picador (poetry anthology)
 * 2002: Feminine Gospels. Picador
 * 2002: Queen Munch and Queen Nibble., Macmillan Children's Books.
 * 2002: Underwater Farmyard. Macmillan Children's Books. (Children's book)
 * 2003: The Good Child's Guide to Rock N Roll. Faber and Faber. (Children's poetry)
 * 2003: Collected Grimm Tales (with Tim Supple). Faber and Faber. (Children's book)
 * 2004: Doris the Giant. (Children's literature, picture book)
 * 2004: New Selected Poems. Picador
 * 2004: Out of Fashion: An Anthology of Poems. (Ed.) Faber and Faber (poetry anthology)
 * 2004: Overheard on a Saltmarsh: Poets' Favourite Poems (Ed.) Macmillan
 * 2005: Another Night Before Christmas with John Murray. (Children's poetry)
 * 2005: Moon Zoo. Macmillan (children's literature, picture book)
 * 2005: Rapture Picador (poetry)
 * 2006: The Lost Happy Endings (illustrated by Jane Ray). Penguin. (Children's book)
 * 2007: Answering Back. (Ed.) Picador. (Poetry anthology)
 * 2007: The Hat. Faber and Faber. (Children's poetry)
 * 2007: The Tear Thief. Barefoot Books. (Children's book)
 * 2009: ''Mrs Scrooge: A Christmas Poem (illustrated by Beth Adams). Simon & Schuster
 * 2009: New & Collected Poetry for Children.    Faber and Faber. (Poetry)
 * 2009: The Princess's Blankets   (illustrated by Catherine Hyde). Templar. (Children's book)
 * 2009: The Twelve Poems of Christmas. (Ed.)  Candlestick Press. (Poetry)
 * 2009: To The Moon: An Anthology of Lunar Poetry.   (Editor)   Picador. (Poetry)
 * 2009:  Love Poems. Picador. (Poetry, selected).
 * 2011:  The Bees. Picador. (Poetry, selected).