Hyperbaton

Hyperbaton is a figure of speech in which words that naturally belong together are separated from each other for emphasis or effect. This kind of unnatural or rhetorical separation is possible to a much greater degree in highly inflected languages, where sentence meaning does not depend closely on word order. In Latin and Ancient Greek, the effect of hyperbaton is usually to emphasize the first word. It has been called "perhaps the most distinctively alien feature of Latin word order."

Etymology
"Hyperbaton" is a word borrowed from the Greek hyperbaton, meaning "transposition," which is derived from hyper ("over") and bainein ("to step"), with the -tos verbal adjective suffix.

Varieties
The term may be used in general for figures of disorder (deliberate and dramatic departures from standard word order). Donatus, in his work On tropes, thus includes under hyperbaton five species: hysterologia, anastrophe (for which the term hyperbaton is sometimes used loosely as a synonym), parenthesis, tmesis, and synchysis. Apposition might also be included.

English

 * "Bloody thou art; bloody will be thy end" - William Shakespeare in Richard III, 4.4, 198.
 * "Object there was none. Passion there was none." - Edgar Allan Poe, The Tell-Tale Heart.
 * "The helmsman steered, the ship moved on; / Yet never a breeze up blew" - Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
 * "This is the sort of English up with which I will not put." - Attributed to Winston Churchill criticizing and satirizing the prescriptivist rule of not ending a sentence with a preposition.

Greek

 * (Demosthenes 18.158, "Greece has suffered such things at the hands of one person": the word "one", henos, occurs in its normal place after the preposition "at the hands of" [hypo], but "person" [anthrōpou] is unnaturally delayed, giving emphasis to "one.")
 * (Occurs several times in Euripides, "[I entreat] you by your knees": the word "you" [se] unnaturally divides the preposition "by" from its object "knees.")

Latin

 * ab Hyrcanis Indoque a litore siluis  (Lucan 8.343, "from the Hyrcanian woods and from the Indian shore": "and from the Indian shore" is inserted between "Hyrcanian" and "woods" [siluis])