Linton Kwesi Johnson

Linton Kwesi Johnson (aka LKJ) (born 24 August 1952, Chapelton, Jamaica) is a UK-based dub poet. He became the second living poet, and the only black poet, to be published in the Penguin Classics series. His poetry involves the recitation of his own verse in Jamaican Patois over dub-reggae, usually written in collaboration with renowned British reggae producer/artist Dennis Bovell.

Life
Johnson studied for a degree in sociology at Goldsmiths College in New Cross, London (graduating in 1973), which currently holds his personal papers in its archives; in 2004 he became an Honorary Visiting Professor of Middlesex University in London. In 2005 he was awarded a silver Musgrave medal from the Institute of Jamaica for distinguished eminence in the field of poetry.

While still at school he joined the British Black Panther Movement, helped to organize a poetry workshop within the movement, and developed his work with Rasta Love, a group of poets and drummers.

Poetry
Most of Johnson's poetry is political, dealing mainly with the experiences of being an African-Caribbean in Britain, "Writing was a political act and poetry was a cultural weapon...", he told an interviewer in 2008. However, he has also written about other issues, such as British foreign policy or the death of anti-racist marcher Blair Peach. His most celebrated poems were written during the government of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. The poems contain graphic accounts of the alleged racist police brutality occurring at the time (cf. Sonny's Lettah). Johnson's poetry makes clever use of the unstandardised transcription of Jamaican Patois.

Johnson's poems first appeared in the journal Race Today, which published his first collection of poetry, Voices of the Living and the Dead, in 1974. Dread Beat An' Blood, his second collection, was published in 1975 by Bogle-L'Ouverture.

A collection of his poems has been published as Mi Revalueshanary Fren by Penguin Modern Classics. Johnson is one of only three poets to be published by Penguin Modern Classics while still alive.

Other writing
Johnson wrote for New Musical Express, Melody Maker, and Black Music in the 1970s, and served as writer in residence for the London Borough of Lambeth.

Music
Johnson's best-known albums include his debut Dread Beat an' Blood, Forces of Victory, Bass Culture and Making History. Across these albums are spread classics of the dub poetry school of performance – and, indeed, of reggae itself – such as "Dread Beat An' Blood", "Sonny's Lettah", "Inglan Is A Bitch", "Independent Intavenshan" and "All Wi Doin Is Defendin". His poem Di Great Insohreckshan is his response to the 1981 Brixton riots. The work was the subject of a BBC Radio 4 program in 2007.

Johnson's work, allied to the Jamaican "toasting" tradition, is regarded as an essential precursor of rap.

Johnson's record label LKJ Records is home to other reggae artists, some of whom made up The Dub Band, with whom Johnson mostly recorded, and other Dub Poets, such as Jean "Binta" Breeze. Past releases on the label include recordings by Mikey Smith.

Of late, Johnson has only performed live on an intermittent basis, perhaps as a result of modern reggae's shift towards the more spontaneous and rapid-fire performers of ragga or dancehall.

Discography

 * Live in Paris with the Dennis Bovell Dub Band - Wrasse, 2004 (DVD).
 * ''Live in Paris - Wrasse, 2004.
 * Straight to Inglan's Head - Universal, 2003 (Compilation).
 * LKJ in Dub: Volume 3 - LKJ Records, 2002.
 * Independent Intavenshan - Island, 1998 (Compilation).
 * More Time - LKJ Records, 1999.
 * A Cappella Live - LKJ Records, 1996.
 * LKJ Presents - LKJ Records, 1996.
 * LKJ in Dub: Volume 2 - LKJ Records, 1992.
 * Tings An' Times - LKJ Records, 1991.
 * Dub Poetry - Mango, 1985 (Compilation).
 * LKJ Live in Concert with the Dub Band - LKJ Records, 1985.
 * Reggae Greats - Mango, 1984.
 * Making History - Island, 1983.
 * LKJ in Dub - Island, 1980.
 * ''The Best of Linton Kwesi Johnson - Epic, 1980 (Compilation).
 * Bass Culture - Island, 1980.
 * Forces of Victory - Island, 1979.
 * Dread Beat an' Blood - Virgin, 1978. (As Poet And The Roots.)