Poe Toaster

The Poe Toaster is an unofficial nickname given to a mysterious person (or more probably two persons in succession, possibly father and son) who, from approximately 1949 until 2009, paid an annual tribute to American author Edgar Allan Poe by visiting the stone marking his original grave in Baltimore, Maryland in the early hours of January 19, Poe's birthday. The shadowy figure, dressed in black with a wide-brimmed hat and white scarf, would leave three roses and a partially-filled bottle of French cognac, then disappear into the night. Onlookers gathered annually in hopes of glimpsing the elusive Toaster, who did not seek publicity, and was rarely seen or photographed.

According to eyewitness reports, and notes accompanying offerings in later years, the original Toaster visited the tomb from 1949 until his death in 1998, after which the tradition was passed to "a son." Controversial statements were made in some notes left by the post-1998 Toaster, and in 2006 an unsuccessful attempt was made by several onlookers to detain and identify him. In 2010 there was no visit by the Toaster, nor did he appear in 2011, triggering speculation that the 60-year tradition had ended.

Origins
Poe died at the age of 40 in Baltimore on October 7, 1849, under mysterious circumstances. The Poe Toaster tradition is said to have begun on Poe's birthday 100 years later, in 1949, and continued annually until 2009. Each year, in the early hours of the morning of January 19, a black-clad figure (presumed male), face obscured by a scarf or hood, carrying a silver-tipped cane, would enter the Westminster Hall and Burying Ground in Baltimore. At the site of Poe's original grave, which is marked with a commemorative stone, he would raise a cognac toast and place three red roses on the grave marker in a distinctive configuration, along with the unfinished bottle of Martell cognac. The roses were believed to represent Poe, his wife Virginia, and his mother-in-law Maria Clemm, all three of whom were originally interred at the site. The significance of the cognac is uncertain, as it does not feature in Poe’s works (as would, for example, amontillado). However, a note left at the 2004 visitation suggested that the cognac may have represented a tradition of the Toaster's family, rather than Poe's. Several of the cognac bottles are kept at the Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum in Baltimore.

A group of varying size composed of reporters and Poe enthusiasts observed the event each year. A photograph, reputedly of the Toaster, was published by Life Magazine in 1990.

The notes
On several occasions, the Toaster left a note along with the roses and cognac. Some notes were simple expressions of devotion, such as "Edgar, I haven't forgotten you." In 1993, a cryptic message stated, "The torch will be passed." In 1999, a note announced that the original Toaster had died the previous year and had passed the tradition to "a son." Subsequent eyewitnesses noted that the post-1998 Toaster appeared to be a younger individual.

A note left at the 2001 visitation, which happened to occur a few days before Super Bowl XXXV between the Baltimore Ravens and the New York Giants, stated, "The New York Giants. Darkness and decay and the big blue hold dominion over all. The Baltimore Ravens. A thousand injuries they will suffer. Edgar Allan Poe evermore." The note's content caused a minor furor for several reasons: Never before had the Toaster commented on current events, such as sports, nor could anyone explain the negative reference to the Baltimore Ravens, whose team nickname was inspired by "The Raven," Poe's most famous poem. The prophecy, a play on the last line of "The Masque of the Red Death" ("And Darkness and Decay and the Red Death held illimitable dominion over all"), proved inaccurate, as Baltimore won the game, 34–7.

The Toaster's 2004 note was apparently critical of France's opposition to the war in Iraq: "The sacred memory of Poe and his final resting place is no place for French cognac. With great reluctance but for [sic] respect for family tradition the cognac is placed. The memory of Poe shall live evermore!"

Events leading up to Poe's bicentenary
In 2006 a group of onlookers unsuccessfully attempted to intercept the Poe Toaster. Aside from that incident, spectators, out of respect for the tradition (and, perhaps, the mystery), have never interfered with the Toaster's entry, tribute ritual, or departure, nor has any concerted effort been made to identify the individual.

In 2007 a 92-year-old man named Sam Porpora claimed that he had started the Poe Toaster tradition. A former historian for Baltimore's Westminster Church, Porpora claimed that he invented the Toaster in the 1960s as a "publicity stunt", to reinvigorate the church and its congregation, and had falsely told a reporter at the time that it had begun in 1949. However, reports of the annual visits date from well before the 1960s, for example a 1950 article in The (Baltimore) Evening Sun that mentions "an anonymous citizen who creeps in annually to place an empty bottle (of excellent label) against the gravestone."

Porpora's daughter said she had never heard of her father's actions but that it fit in with his mischievous nature; but Jeff Jerome of the Edgar Allan Poe Society pointed out that the details of Porpora's story seemed to change with each telling. "There are holes so big in Sam's story, you could drive a Mack truck through them," he said. Jeff Savoye, another officer in the Edgar Allan Poe Society, also questioned Porpora's claims, but admitted he could not definitively prove or disprove them. While never retracting his claim, Porpora later acknowledged that it was not he making the annual visits, that someone else (he knew not who) had made the tradition his own.

In 2008, Curator Jeff Jerome reported that nearly 150 gathered to observe the Toaster's appearance. 2009 marked the bicentenary of Poe's birth; despite this milestone, the crowd was smaller than in past years, and the Toaster left no note. In 2010 the Poe Toaster failed to appear. Jerome, who had witnessed every visitation from 1976 on, had no explanation, but did speculate that if the Toaster intended to end the tradition, the 2009 bicentenary would mark a logical ending point.

The 2011 anniversary saw only the appearance of four impostors (immediately dubbed "faux Toasters"), identified as such because all four walked in clear sight of waiting observers (contrary to the real Toaster's secretive nature), none gave the secret signal that only Jerome knows – a gesture the Toaster predictably made each year at the grave – and none arranged the roses in the unique pattern established by the Toaster. Their appearance sparked controversy: Some suggested the tradition should die a "dignified death", while others praised the impostors' efforts and urged that the tradition be carried on, whether by the "original" Toaster or not.

Jerome (who has denied rumors that he himself was the Toaster) said on January 19, 2011 that he will keep watch for one more year, and if there is no genuine appearance in 2012 he will consider the tradition ended.

In popular culture
The Poe Toaster has appeared as a character in books, occult documentaries, and other media. The 2001 novel, "In a Strange City," by Baltimore crime fiction novelist Laura Lippman features dueling Poe Toasters, one killing the other, during a tragically failed "Poe Toasting" at Westminster Hall and Burial Grounds. The Poe Toaster is the subject of numerous non-fiction occult treatises, most notably Curt Rowlett's "Labyrinth 13: True Tales of the Occult" wherein a chapter is dedicated to the Poe Toaster mystery. More recently, the 2011 audio play "The Poe Toaster Not Cometh," by Washington Audio Theater seeks to explain the Poe Toaster mystery by suggesting the Poe Toaster is in fact a contemporary of Poe's, surviving through the centuries via occult means.