Sorley Maclean



Sorley MacLean (Somhairle MacGill-Eain, sometimes "MacGilleathain" in earlier publications) (26 October 1911 - 24 November 1996) was one of the most significant Scottish poets of the 20th century.

Early life
He was born at Osgaig on the island of Raasay on 26 October 1911, where Scottish Gaelic was the first language. He attended the University of Edinburgh and was an avid shinty player playing for the university team. After earning a First class degree, he returned to the Highland and Island community to teach. He was instrumental in preserving the teaching of Gaelic in Scottish schools.

MacLean turned away from the Presbyterian faith of his community in his early teens. Like many Europeans of that day, he moved in sympathy to the far left. Much of his work touched on specifically political themes and references, and his position was Communist until the mid-1940s, although he was not a philosophical Marxist. He was also a skilled and delicate writer of love poetry.

He served with the British Army in North Africa during World War II and was wounded on three occasions, once severely during the Battle of El Alamein. He died in 1996.

Later life
He married Catherine (more often known as Renee) Cameron, the daughter of Inverness builder Kenneth Cameron of "Cameron and Munro". He had three daughters, in descending order of age, Ishbel, Catriona and Mary. He had six grandchildren, again in descending age order, Somhairle, Aonghas, Calum, Gilleasbuig, Catherine and Donald. His first great-grandchild, Uilleam Ruairidh was born in 2010.

He died on 24 November 1996, aged 85 from natural causes, in Scotland.

Writing
His early poetry was in English, but after writing his first Gaelic poem, An Corra-Ghridheach ("The Heron"), he decided that it was far better than his English work, and resolved to continue using his native language. By the mid-1930s he was well known as a writer in this tongue.

His work in the field of Gaelic poetry at a time when very few writers of substance were working in Scottish Gaelic at all, has led to his being viewed as the father of the Scottish Gaelic renaissance. He was involved in the foundation and was a board member of Sabhal Mòr Ostaig on Skye.

His poetry articulated in Gaelic the crimes of the 20th century, and modernised and reinvigorated the language in the process, drawing clear and articulate analogies between such tragedies and acts of cultural genocide as the 19th century Scottish Highland Clearances, and the contemporary viciousness and injustice of events in places such as Biafra and Rwanda.

Hallaig, a meditative poem on the desolation associated with the Highland Clearances, forms part of the lyrics of Peter Maxwell-Davies' opera The Jacobite Rising. The poet's own reading of the poem in English and in Gaelic was sampled by Martyn Bennett for his album Bothy Culture for a track of the same name.

Recognition
He was awarded the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry in 1990.

Somhairle MacGill-Eain is commemorated in Makars' Court, outside The Writers' Museum, Lawnmarket, Edinburgh. Selections for Makars' Court are made by The Writers' Museum; The Saltire Society;  The Scottish Poetry Library.

Publications

 * Wood to Ridge'' (Carcanet Press, 1989 in hardback and 1999 in paperback)
 * do Eimhir'' (Association for Scottish Literary Studies 2002; Birlinn 2008)
 * Cuilithionn 1939'' (Association for Scottish Literary Studies 2011)

Anthologized

 * MacAulay, Donald (Domhnall MacAmhlaigh) [ed] (1977). Nua-Bhàrdachd Ghàidhlig / Modern Scottish Gaelic Poems: A Bilingual Anthology.  New Directions, New York. pp. 70–115: "Am Mùr Gorm/The Blue Rampart", "Camhanaich/Dawn", "An Uair a Labhras mi mu Aodann/When I Speak of the Face", "Cha do Chuir de Bhuaireadh riamh/Never has such Turmoil been Put", "Gaoir na h-Eòrpa/The Cry of Europe", "An Roghainn/The Choice", "Coin is Madaidhean-Allaidh/Dogs and Wolves", "A' Chorra-Ghritheach/The Heron", "Hallaig/Hallaig", "Coilltean Ratharsair/The Woods of Raasay", "Ban-Gàidheal/Highland Woman", "Glac a' Bhàis/Death Valley", "Latha Foghair/An Autumn Day", "Aig Uaigh Yeats/At Yeats's Grave".