University of Nebraska

The University of Nebraska–Lincoln (commonly referred to as Nebraska, UNL or NU) is a public research university located in the city of Lincoln in the U.S. state of Nebraska. It is the state's oldest and largest university and the flagship campus of the University of Nebraska system, which includes two other campuses in Omaha and Kearney.

The university was chartered by the legislature in 1869 as a land-grant university under the 1862 Morrill Act, two years after Nebraska's statehood into the United States. Around the turn of the century, the university began to expand significantly, hiring professors from eastern schools to teach in the newly organized professional colleges while also producing groundbreaking research in agricultural sciences. The "Nebraska method" of ecological study developed here during this time, which pioneered grassland ecology and laid the foundation for research in theoretical ecology for the rest of the 20th century. The university is organized into eight colleges, located on two campuses in Lincoln with over 100 classroom buildings and research facilities.

Its athletic program, called the Cornhuskers, is a member of the Big Ten Conference. The UNL football team has won 46 conference championships and five national championships since 1890. The women's volleyball team has won three national championships along with eight other appearances in the Final Four. The Husker football team plays its home games at Memorial Stadium, selling out every game since 1962. The stadium's current capacity is about 85,000 people, larger than the population of Nebraska's third-largest city.

Origin
The University of Nebraska was created by an act of the Nebraska state legislature in 1869, two years after Nebraska reached statehood. The school was given a mission to "afford to the inhabitants of the state the means of acquiring a thorough knowledge of the various branches of literature, science, and the arts." The school received an initial land grant of about 130000 acre and the campus construction began with the building of University Hall in its first year. By 1873, the University of Nebraska had offered its first two degrees to its first graduating class. The school remained small and suffered from a lack of funds until about 20 years after its founding, when its high school programs were taken over by a new state education system. From 1890 to 1895 enrollment rose from 384 to about 1,500. A law school and a graduate school were also created at about this time period, making it the first school west of the Mississippi to establish a graduate school. By 1897, the school was 15th in the nation in total enrollment.

Through the turn of the century, the school struggled to find an identity as both a pragmatic, frontier establishment and an academic, intellectual institution. It also developed a competitive spirit in the form of a debate team, a football team (first called the Cornhuskers in 1901), and the arrival of fraternities and sororities. In 1913-14, a fierce debate ensued over whether to keep the University in downtown Lincoln or to move it out of town. The issue was not resolved until a statewide referendum sided with the downtown plan. After purchasing property downtown, the school experienced a building boom, both on the new property and on the farming campus. The school would not experience another boom until the late 1940s, when the sudden arrival of thousands of soldiers returning from the war for an education forced the school to seek further expansion.

Governing bodies
University of Nebraska is governed by the Board of Regents. The board consists of eight voting members elected by district for six-year terms, and four non-voting student Regents, one from each campus, who serve during their tenure as student body president. The board supervises the general operations of the university, and the control and direction of all expenditures.

Faculties and schools
The university today has nine faculties which offers more than 150 undergraduate majors, 20 pre-professional programs, 100 graduate programs and 275 programs of study


 * College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
 * College of Architecture
 * College of Arts and Sciences
 * College of Business Administration
 * College of Education and Human Sciences
 * College of Engineering
 * Hixson-Lied College of Fine and Performing Arts
 * College of Journalism and Mass Communications
 * College of Law

UNL also offers programs at its campus from other University of Nebraska institutions, including the University of Nebraska at Omaha College of Public Affairs and Community Service, the University of Nebraska Medical Center colleges of Dentistry and Nursing, and the Peter Kiewit Institute managed in partnership with the University of Nebraska at Omaha.

Campus
In 1869, the original University of Nebraska campus was laid out on four city blocks and comprised one building called University Hall. Currently, the university has two campuses, totalling 2815 acre: City Campus, which is just north of downtown Lincoln, and south of the old Nebraska State Fair grounds and East Campus which is approximately two miles east-northeast of City Campus. Both the campus has an institute area, as well as a residential area. The institute area, consist of the departments, headquarters, governing body, research institutes, well equipped laboratories, theaters, auditoriums, recreation centers, fraternity and sorority housing, power plants, facilities and managements. Institute area occupies 613 acre combining both the campuses. However the larger part is the residential district, which consist of student housing, residential apartments, and on campus living for faculties in apartments or individual cottages. Water supply management located in the residential district, supplies water throughout the campus. Remote sensing located in East campus,rail management factory in city campus, and some other remote research centers on telecommunications and wireless technology are also located in residential districts of the campus. Parks and recreation places inside the UNL city campus and East campus is a part of the residential area of the university. Other than the two main campuses, UNL also secures the honor of having UNL technology park located off campus, toward the northern side of Lincoln, at the Superior Street. The park covers an area of 25 acre. It is supplied by some modern high tech laboratories on artificial intelligence.Nebraska Technology Park is the first endeavor of its kind in the state. The Technology Park was launched in 1997 as a joint effort of the University of Nebraska, private sector investors and the University of Nebraska Foundation. The purpose of the Technology Park is to promote synergies between the university and park companies in order to increase joint efforts in collaboration, discovery, and technology development.

Major campus expansion
In January 2010, the university acquired a 249 acre property north of city campus that formerly was used to host the Nebraska State Fair. Plans for redevelopment include an US $800 million expansion called the Nebraska Innovation Campus, which is designated to house agricultural biotechnology and other life science research.

Unions
Nebraska Union is the student union located on the southern part of City Campus. Many services are offered to the students including dining, computer labs, and other recreational activities, while the lower level of the union houses the University Bookstore. The Nebraska Union also provides space for student organizations, and events and speakers, as well as holding offices for the Daily Nebraskan and the student government. The Union is home to the Greek Affairs office and the Women's Center. The Rotunda Gallery showcases various student artwork. In spring 2006, the student body voted to finance an expansion to the Nebraska Union including adding new space for the university Culture Center (formerly in a different building).

Nebraska East Union is located on East Campus and offers similar student services as the Nebraska Union. The Loft Gallery provides space for community and student artwork.

Performing arts venues

 * The Lied Center for Performing Arts is a performing arts venue used primarily for orchestra concerts and theatre performances. The Mary Riepma Ross Media Arts Center is a two screen theater located on the UNL City Campus. It features primarily arthouse and independent films, and documentaries. The Howell Theatre, Studio Theatre, and Lab Theatre are home to the performances of the Johnny Carson School of Theatre and Film.

Other points of interest

 * Architecture Hall, formerly the universities' library and now home of the universities' outstanding architecture program, is a proud landmark standing on the west edge of campus. It is also the oldest building on campus. This historic structure is linked to the old law building via a huge glass connecting space, known, understandably, as "The Link."


 * Since the early 1920s UNL has been the home of the Headquarters of the National Society of Pershing Rifles a military fraternal organization for college-level students. This is in recognition of General John J. Pershing (an 1893 NU law school graduate and former professor of Military Science and Tactics) who created "Company A," a competitive drill team, for the University of Nebraska's Cadet Corps in 1891. The drill team won the National Competitive Drills in 1892, changed its name to the "Varsity Rifles" when it became a recognized fraternal organization in 1893, and finally changed its name again to the "Pershing Rifles" in 1894. UNL rededicated the Military and Naval Science Building as the John J. Pershing Military and Naval Science Building on April 20, 2006.


 * The International Quilt Study Center is on East Campus and will be LEED certified.


 * The Maxwell Arboretum located on East Campus is part of the Nebraska Statewide Arboretum.


 * There are several research centers on Physics like the Brace Laboratory, Center of Materials and Nanoscience, High equipped laboratories are provided in Hamilton Hall which is the department as well and Chemistry institute. Othmer Hall houses the College of Engineering Dean's Office, the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and the Biological Process Development Facility (BPDF). Research in Othmer Hall's Mesoscale Engineering Laboratory has received attention in Science. Some highly equipped laboratories such as the Genetic research and Biotechnology laboratory are located on East Campus.


 * University is renowned also in Robotics. It has a high equipped robotics laboratory.


 * East Campus also has a wireless telecommunication system on remote sensing of Satellites.

Admissions and demographics
The University of Nebraska–Lincoln admitted about 67% of all applicants in 2008, and 68% of those admitted went on to enroll at the school. In 2007, the U.S. News and World Report rated it as a "more selective" university. On a 25th percentile/75th percentile measurement, students scored 500/650 on the SAT critical reading section and 530/670 on the math section. ACT composite scores were 22/28. Eighty-five percent of undergraduates are white, with a little over 53% being male, and 47% being female. About 18% of undergraduate students are from outside the state of Nebraska (excluding internationals). The ratio of students to faculty in 2008 was 20 to 1. The school is in the first tier and ranked 104th in the U.S. News and World Report's national rankings. The university has been recorded as an A grade university throughout the world by  University Ranking by Academic Performance(URAP)and acquires a rank of 317 by URAP and 152-200 by Academic Ranking of World Universities(ARWU) world rankings. world ranking.

Research
University of Nebraska-Lincoln scientists have been some of the most-cited in the world in the last 10 years in the area of agricultural research, according to the IS1 Essential Science Indicators Report. Scientists in the UNL Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources (IANR) alone published 1,028 papers, which were cited 6,056 times from January 1994 through January 2004.

University libraries and museums
The University Libraries are the only set of comprehensive research libraries in Nebraska. Three and half million volumes reside in UNL's two main libraries. The Don L. Love Memorial Library is the main library on campus and houses collections on social sciences and humanities. Other academic disciplines are housed in six branch locations on campus: The Marvin and Virginia Schmid Law Library serves the UNL College of Law.
 * Architecture Library
 * C.Y. Thompson Library
 * Engineering Library
 * Geology Library
 * Mathematics Library
 * Music Library

The University of Nebraska State Museum is located on campus in Morrill Hall. The museum holds several collections and exhibits particularly featuring natural history and famously houses Mammoth bone fossils. Because of these fossils, and a large bronze Columbian Mammoth statue located in front of the building, it is popularly known as "Elephant Hall."

The Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery and Sculpture Garden is home to more than 12,000 works of art in all media and is a comprehensive collection of American art with prominent holdings in 19th century landscape and still life, American Impressionism, early Modernism, geometric abstraction, Abstract Expressionism, pop, minimalism, and contemporary art. The museum has the largest collection of 20th Century North American art in the world; it includes works by such well known artists as Edward Hopper, Andy Warhol, Jackson Pollock, Mary Cassatt, Wayne Thiebaud and Georgia O'Keeffe.

The Great Plains Art Museum is home to the Christlieb Collection, and features American western art and Americana.

The Lester F. Larsen Tractor Museum is located on the university's East Campus. It houses 40 historical tractors, an antique auto and various types of farm tools. In addition it documents Nebraska's tractor testing law examinations that to this day requires testing of all tractors to be sold in Nebraska, ensuring performance is as advertised.

Focus areas
The University's English Department has one of the world's top programs in the digital humanities, with renowned digital archiving projects such as the Walt Whitman Archive and the Willa Cather Archive. Projects are also underway for the production of a free online Native American Omaha-Ponca language dictionary. In the area of creative writing, the department has as a member of its faculty former United States Poet Laureate, Ted Kooser. The school's University of Nebraska Press is the second-largest public university press in the United States, and is among the largest publishers of scholarly titles in the world.

AAU membership and removal
In 1908, Nebraska was inducted as the 18th member of the Association of American Universities, the organization of the nation's top research universities. In recent years, Nebraska had been at or near the bottom of the AAU's statistical criteria for members, a ranking attributed in part to the university's extensive agricultural research funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which is not included in the AAU's rankings because it is not awarded by peer-reviewed grants; and because Nebraska's medical school is a separate institution whose research funding is not under UNL's auspices.

Nebraska successfully retained its AAU membership after a 2000 challenge. This provided Nebraska with an advantage when the Big Ten was looking to expand in 2010, as all of its members at that time were AAU members. Nebraska Chancellor Harvey Perlman said. "I doubt that our application would've been accepted had we not been a member of the [AAU]." However, in 2011, after an extended campaign to retain its membership and a close, contentious vote, Nebraska became the only institution to be removed from the AAU membership by a vote of the membership (a few other institutions had voluntarily resigned.)

Sustainability
The University of Nebraska has adopted LEED certification for all new construction projects. UNL's Sustainable Food Project, started in 2005, is designed to serve meals on campus that feature locally and sustainably produced foods. The university's motor pool includes vehicles fueled by soy biodiesel as well as gasohol (85% ethanol, 15% gasoline blend). The University of Nebraska received a grade of C on the College Sustainability Report Card 2011. As of 2009, the University's cafeterias no longer provide trays to the students, a program implemented to reduce organic waste and save money.

Athletics


Nebraska's sports teams are nicknamed as the Cornhuskers (or simply the Huskers). They participate in Division I (Division I FBS for football) in the NCAA as members of the Big Ten Conference. The Huskers have 21 varsity teams that compete in 14 different sports and claim all or part of 23 National Championships across five sports, including volleyball, football, and gymnastics. In football, the Huskers have had three Heisman Trophy winners: Johnny Rodgers, Mike Rozier, and Eric Crouch, along with five national championship victories in 1970, 1971, 1994, 1995, and 1997. The football team holds multiple collegiate football records, including the longest collegiate football sell-out streak of 311 home games and the longest opening game winning streak of 25 victories as of September 2010. The team has won over 800 games total since 1890, a feat only shared by six other universities in the NCAA Division I.

In 2007, Sarah Pavan received the Honda Award as the nation's top female student-athlete.

Song
Notable among a number of songs commonly played and sung at various events such as commencement and convocation, and athletic games are Dear Old Nebraska U. and the University of Nebraska–Lincoln fight song, Hail Varsity. In Nebraska, the lyrics and music to Dear Old Nebraska U. are attributed to Harry Pecha, a 1924 Nebraska graduate. However, other schools and locales across the United States - including the University of Chicago, the University of Florida, and the Toledo, Ohio public school system - sing similar tunes, often with similar lyrics.

Student life
About 78 percent of UNL students are from Nebraska, while the rest are from all forty-nine other states and 114 foreign countries. On-campus students are also members of the UNL Residence Hall Association, which serves as the governing body for the residence halls. Select honorary seniors include the Nebraska-only Society of Innocents and the Black Masque chapter of Mortar Board.

Residence Halls
Approximately 40% of the student body lives on-campus in 14 traditional residence halls, and two on-campus apartment-style halls (The Village and The Courtyards).

There are 12 traditional residence halls on the City Campus: • 2

Three traditional residence halls are on the East Campus: Burr, Fedde, and Love Memorial Co-op. Three on-campus apartment-style halls are located on the City Campus: The Courtyards, The Village, and Robert E. Knoll Residential Center

Student government
The governing body for UNL students is the Association of Students of the University of Nebraska (ASUN). Every year students vote for a president, two vice presidents, and a senate that is composed of representatives from each college. The president also acts as the student regent to the NU Board of Regents.

Student organizations
UNL has around 400 student organizations on campus that represent a variety of interests. Organizations are supported by Student Involvement.

Greek Organizations
UNL has a significant Greek population, with about 5,200 students being members of 30 fraternities (28 chapters and two colonies) and 15 sororities. There are numerous events on campus throughout the year such as decorating "Greek Row" for the homecoming parade and various philanthropy events.

Media
The Daily Nebraskan, known to students as the "DN", is UNL's student newspaper. It was established in 1901 and is published every weekday during the fall and spring semesters and weekly during the summer.

UNL operates a Class A FM radio station, KRNU, which broadcasts on 90.3 FM and has a range of approximately 20 mi. The station plays mostly alternative and modern rock as well as running sportscasts of Nebraska's home events, news, live public affairs broadcasts of campus speakers and forums.

In February 2008, The Publications Board recognized the Dailyer Nebraskan as an affiliated publication and approved the printing costs of the first three issues of the satirical paper.

Notable alumni, faculty, and staff
Many of UNL alumni and alumnae have had considerable success in scientific research, public service, education, and business. As of 2011, 3 alumni have won the Nobel Prize, 8 have won the Pulitzer Prize, 22 have been selected as Rhodes Scholars, 18 have been selected as Goldwater Scholars and 11 have been selected as Truman Scholars.

Onscreen

 * Yes Man (2008 film) - filming took place, in part, at University of Nebraska-Lincoln.