Joel Hayward



Joel S.A. Hayward (born 1964), is a New Zealand-born British "noted scholar of war and strategy" and writer and poet who has worked in New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United Arab Emirates. The daily newspaper Al Kaleej calls him "a world authority on international conflict and strategy". He is best known for his published books and articles on strategic matters, including the use of air power, his 2003 biography of Horatio Lord Nelson, and his writing and teaching on the Quranic (Islamic) concepts of war. In November 2012 he became Professor of International and Civil Security at Khalifa University in Abu Dhabi and in 2013 he became Chair of the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at Khalifa. He also serves there as the Director of the Institute of International and Civil Security. Earlier in 2012, he was a Senior Fellow at the Markfield Institute of Higher Education and a Research Fellow of the Cambridge Muslim College. His career highlights include having been Dean of the Royal Air Force College, Cranwell for five years (2007-2011), a Director of the Royal Air Force Centre for Air Power Studies think-tank for four years (2008-2012), and the academic Head of Air Power Studies at King's College London for six years (2005-2011). He is a Professor of Strategy at the Indonesian Defense University and he holds fellowships from the United States Air Force and the Federal Government of Germany. He is a Fellow of both the Royal Society of Arts and the Royal Historical Society.

Early life
Hayward was born Stuart Andrew Hayward on 27 May 1964 in Christchurch, New Zealand. In 1989, Hayward changed his first name to Joel, following what he would later explain was a "choice to go through life with a first name that has deep spiritual significance for me."

Hayward developed an interest in Jewish history and the Hebrew language as a result of his maternal grandmother's Jewishness. He gained a strong reading ability in Hebrew and made trips to Israel and was a member of a national organization with both Jewish and Christian membership, The New Zealand Friends of Israel, Inc.

Bachelor of Arts
In 1988 Hayward enrolled with the University of Canterbury in Christchurch to pursue a Bachelor of Arts degree, which he received on 8 May 1991 with papers taken primarily in the Departments of History and Classics.

In 1989, while pursuing his undergraduate studies, Hayward took part in founding an association called Opposition to Anti-Semitism Inc.(OAS), which he headed until 1991, when he left the group. While with OAS, Hayward published several newspaper and academic articles on anti-Semitism and became interested in the historiography of Holocaust denial.

Master of Arts
Following the award of his B.A., Hayward commenced a Master's Degree program at University of Canterbury. He first considered a thesis topic in Ancient History, but was informed by faculty in the Classics Department that he would need to study another year of Greek and Latin first. After consultation with Dr. Vincent Orange, a Reader (equivalent to Associate Professor) in the History Department who became his thesis supervisor, Hayward settled on the topic of the historiography of Holocaust denial. Hayward later stated that this topic combined three of his great interests: World War II, the German language, and Jewish history. Besides his thesis, Hayward was also required for the M.A. degree to complete four honours papers, which he wrote during 1992. The four honours grades together constituted fully half of Hayward's master's program. All four papers underwent examination both internally and externally before their grades (an A-, two As, and an A+) were confirmed.

The bulk of Hayward's thesis was written in 1991, prior to his four honours papers, with the conclusion written in early 1993. Entitled The Fate of Jews in German hands: An Historical Enquiry into the Development and Significance of Holocaust Revisionism, the thesis underwent examination by internal examiner Dr. Vincent Orange of University of Canterbury's History Department and external examiner Professor John Jensen of Waikato University before its grade of A+ was confirmed by Professor W. David McIntyre, also of University of Canterbury's History Department.

Hayward's M.A. in History with First Class Honours was conferred on 7 May 1993. Hayward's thesis was judged the best history thesis of his year and it won him the Sir James Hight Memorial Prize, awarded for "excellence", and the honour of wearing the Philip Ross May Gown at the graduation ceremony.

Ph.D.
Hayward went on to pursue a Ph.D. degree, also at University of Canterbury, again under the supervision of Vincent Orange. His topic was a study of German air operations during World War II. In 1994, the U.S. Air Force Historical Research Agency, located within the Air University at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, awarded him a research scholarship to conduct research for his dissertation in its archives; he subsequently received a research fellowship from the Federal Government of Germany which enabled him to conduct doctoral research in the German Military Archives in Freiburg, Germany.

Hayward was awarded a Ph.D. in 1996. His dissertation, Seeking the Philosopher's Stone: Luftwaffe Operations during Hitler's Drive to the East, 1942–1943 became the basis for his first book, Stopped at Stalingrad: The Luftwaffe and Hitler’s Defeat in the East 1942-1943., which was published in 1998.

Massey University
In June 1996 Hayward joined the History Department of Massey University (Palmerston North Campus) as a Lecturer in Defence and Strategic Studies, receiving promotion to Senior Lecturer in August 1999. He specialized in the theoretical and conceptual aspects of modern warfare, airpower, joint doctrines, and manoeuvre warfare. He continued in that position until June 2002.

While at Massey, Hayward in 1999 was organizer of New Zealand's largest defence conference, held 21–22 August at Massey University's Turitea campus. The conference, entitled "Coalitions and Conflict — The Transition of Warfare 1899 to 1999 and Beyond," focused on coalition warfare and was jointly hosted by Massey University and the New Zealand Army's Military Studies Institute. Hayward was conference convenor of Massey's third annual defence conference in August 2000, again co-hosted by the New Zealand Army, with discussion focusing on the trend towards integrating the three armed services (army, air force, and navy) under unified command. Hayward also acted as editor of the conference proceedings, which took its title from the conference's theme, ''Joint Future? The Move to Jointness and Its Implications for the New Zealand Defence Force''.

From 1997 to 2004 he was also a lecturer at the Officer Cadet School of the New Zealand Army, where he taught general military history from Alexander the Great to the Balkan Wars, and at the Command and Staff College of the Royal New Zealand Air Force, where he taught airpower history and doctrine and supervised advanced research in military history. During the same period he also taught strategic thought at the Royal New Zealand Naval College. He also wrote academic articles for general military and military history publications.

Work in the United Kingdom
Hayward lived and worked in the United Kingdom from 2004 to 2012 first teaching strategy and operational art at the Joint Services Command and Staff College. In November 2005 he became the head of the newly created Air Power Studies Division, a specialist unit of Defence Studies academics established by the Royal Air Force and King's College London at the Royal Air Force College, Cranwell. Hayward was appointed Dean of the RAF College, Cranwell in April 2007. He was a Director of the Royal Air Force Centre for Air Power Studies, the Air Force's national thinktank. He was also a member of the CAS Air Power Workshop, a small and highly select working group of scholars and other theorists convened by the Chief of Air Staff (the head of the Royal Air Force.)

He holds fellowships from the United States Air Force and the Federal Government of Germany. He is a member of the editorial advisory boards of the academic journals, Air Power Review and World War II Quarterly. Hayward now focuses mainly on ethical aspects of air power. He teaches on air power concepts at various staff colleges and universities throughout Europe and in 2007 taught a course on "Air Power and Ethics" in Trondheim, Norway, to the Norwegian Air Force On 13 May 2009 he was a keynote speaker at the 2009 Air Power Asia conference in Singapore, where he spoke on "Air Power And Ecology: Destruction Of Enemies But Not The Environment". He convened an international academic conference on that subject — the environmental impact of modern air warfare — in August 2009. In October 2010 he spoke at the Global Peace and Unity (GPU) conference in London, attended by 80,000 people, on the subject: "War & Ethics: The Compatibility of 'Western' and Islamic Thought", a subject (Qur'anic military ethics) he also published on during 2010, 2011 and 2012.

Hayward has given strategic advice to political and military leaders in several countries, and has given policy advice to various Islamic sheikhs. He also tutored His Royal Highness Prince William of Wales. In 2011 Hayward was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts and in 2012 he was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society.

Islam and anti-radicalisation
An anti-radical Muslim himself (who teaches at anti-extremism workshops),    Hayward embraced Islam in 2005. He supports the British armed forces and is a member of the UK Armed Forces Muslim Association. In an article critical of some ostensible Muslim anger seen online, Hayward describes himself as “a moderate and politically liberal revert who chose to embrace the faith of Islam because of its powerful spiritual truths, its emphasis on peace and justice, its racial and ethnic inclusiveness and its charitable spirit towards the poor and needy.” In 2010, he wrote the Introduction to Shaykh-ul-Islam Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri's Fatwa on Terrorism and Suicide Bombings (London: Minhaj-ul-Quran International). Hayward, who sharply criticizes all Islamic terrorism in the fatwa's introduction, shares Tahir-ul-Qadri's scholarly assessment "that regardless of any motives, terrorism can never be supported and is in fact condemned by the Holy Quran and the Sunnah." In 2011 Qadri appointed Hayward to a senior role as his (and Minhaj-ul-Quran's) Strategic Policy Advisor. Hayward also drafted and formally signed the London Declaration, a Muslim public statement issued under the auspices of Minhaj-ul-Quran which unequivocally condemns all extremism and terrorism, ”because at the heart of all religions is a belief in the sanctity of the lives of the innocent.” The Declaration adds: “The indiscriminate nature of terrorism, which has in recent years killed far more civilians and other non-combatants than it has combatants, is un-Islamic, un-Judaic, un-Christian and it is indeed incompatible with the true teachings of all faiths.” The London Declaration also “unequivocally condemn[s] anti-Semitism (including when sometimes it is disingenuously clothed as anti-Zionism), Islamophobia (including when it is sometimes disingenuously dressed up as patriotism) and all other forms of racism and xenophobia.”

In October 2013, Hayward won substantial damages in a successful libel case against the Mail on Sunday and the Daily Mail, which had originally criticised what it claimed were Hayward’s Islamic views whilst Dean of the RAF College. The Mail’s apology of 13 October 2013 stated: "On 7 and 8 August 2011 we suggested that the beliefs of Dr Joel Hayward, then the Dean of the RAF College Cranwell, prevented him from fulfilling his duty of impartiality and fairness as a teacher in the RAF" and had caused him "to show undue favouritism to Islamic students and spend too much time on Islamic activities. We now accept that these allegations are untrue. We apologise to Dr Hayward and have paid a substantial sum to him in damages."

Work in the United Arab Emirates
In November 2012, Hayward became full Professor of International and Civil Security in Khalifa University's Institute for International and Civil Security. In 2013 he became Chair of the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at Khalifa. He also serves there as the Director of the Institute of International and Civil Security. In 2014 he received two ijazas from Islamic scholar Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri, head of the international Minhaj-ul-Quran movement. Ijazas are the permission certificates or licenses used by Sunni shaykhs to indicate that they have authorized someone to transmit a certain topic of Islamic knowledge as a shaykh.

Controversy over M.A. thesis
Hayward's 1991 M.A. thesis was submitted in 1993 yet was unavailable for public study until 1999. When it became available, it ignited controversy. Hayward was accused of advancing arguments which gave credence to Holocaust deniers. In 2000, at the request of the New Zealand Jewish Council, the University of Canterbury convened a "Working Party" which issued a report admonishing the university for inadequately supervising Hayward's work. The report found that Hayward's thesis "demonstrates impressive industry and intelligence" and did not "establish dishonesty" on his part, but it was also "seriously flawed". Subsequent to the issuance of the Working Party's report, the university apologized to the New Zealand Jewish community, as Hayward also had earlier in the year. Hayward has always repudiated his thesis, saying its errors were the result of inadequate scholarly preparation for such a complex topic, but Holocaust deniers initially continued to cite the thesis as evidence of academic support for their positions. In 2000, Holocaust denier David Irving praised Hayward's work as a "landmark in the turning of the tide in the favour of historical revisionism".

Despite these issues, Hayward clearly upholds the sound and accepted scholarly assessment of the Holocaust. In 2010 he described it as “one of history’s vilest crimes … involving the organised murder of millions of Jews” and in 2011 he similarly wrote: “The Holocaust of the Jews in the Second World War, one of history’s vilest crimes, involved the organised murder of six million Jews by Germans and others who considered themselves Christians or at least members of the Christian value system.”

Non-fiction
Hayward has authored or co-authored many journal articles pertaining to strategic matters, including "Stalingrad: An Examination of Hitler’s Decision to Airlift" which the U.S. Air Force published in both English and Spanish. and "The Qur’an and War: Observations on Islamic Just War", published in the official RAF academic journal, Air Power Review, Vol. 13, No. 3, Autumn/Winter 2010, pp. 41–63.

Hayward is the author of eight books of non-fiction, including Stopped at Stalingrad: The Luftwaffe and Hitler’s Defeat in the East 1942-1943 (1998 and subsequent editions). An assessment of aerial warfare at the Battle of Stalingrad, Stopped at Stalingrad was favorably reviewed in the Times Literary Supplement and the journal War in History. Hayward's biography of naval commander Horatio Lord Nelson, For God and Glory: Lord Nelson and His Way of War (2003), likewise received positive notices, with one reviewer recommending it as "a fresh and original contribution" on Lord Nelson that could also serve as a reference companion for viewers of the film "Master and Commander" based on the Patrick O'Brian novels set during the "Age of Nelson." The Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought's Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre in Amman, Jordan, published Hayward's book, Warfare in The Qur’an, in 2012. In 2013 the US Air Force published his edited book, Air Power and the Environment: the Ecological Implications of Modern Air Warfare. The Gulf Today newspaper called it "innovative" and a "ground-breaking book highlighting the environmental impact of the world’s air forces."

A work-in-progress, A "Bomb and Pray" War: Explaining Yugoslavia's Stubborn Resistance to NATO Coercion in 1999, examining the military concepts of coercion, deterrence, and the effects based approach through a conflict-specific analysis of the Kosovo War, is forthcoming.

Fiction and poetry
In 2003, Totem Press, a New Zealand publisher based in Palmerston, New Zealand published Hayward's Jenny Green Teeth and Other Short Stories (which the Evening Standard reviewed as "superb") as well as a volume of poetry called Lifeblood (which the Evening Standard reviewed as "memorable and insightful"). Hayward once made both volumes available as free downloads through his website, but now offers them through Amazon.com for the Kindle. Hayward has continued to publish poems steadily over the years, including, recently, in Damazine and Contemporary World Literature, and his second major collection of poems ― titled Splitting the Moon: A Collection of Islamic Poetry ― was published by Kube in April 2012. The Muslim News reviewer wrote: "Joel Hayward is a very skilful and gifted poet whose way with words is impressive. His poems are easy to understand, highly pertinent and equally spiritually profound. ... They also provide a powerful commentary on the social, political, moral and religious challenges and difficulties currently facing Muslims and non-Muslims alike. ... [Hayward] is able to blend the personal, emotional, spiritual and existential dimensions of human experience, and do so without in any way over-playing or undermining any aspect. This is a very rare skill for a poet to possess.” In 2012 he published a mini-book, No Lamp in the Cave: Three Islamic Short Stories.

Graduate studies work

 * (1993). The Fate of Jews in German Hands: An Historical Enquiry into the Development and Significance of Holocaust Revisionism. Thesis (M.A.). University of Canterbury, 1993.
 * (1996). Seeking the Philosopher's Stone: Luftwaffe Operations during Hitler's Drive to the East, 1942–1943. Ph.D. thesis. University of Canterbury, 1996.

Journal articles (selection)
This is a selected bibliography of peer-reviewed articles.


 * (1995). "Hitler's Quest for Oil: The Impact of Economic Considerations on Military Strategy, 1941–42." The Journal of Strategic Studies 18(4): 94-135. December 1995. Reprinted in Jeremy Black, ed., The Second World War, Volume I: The German War 1939–1942 (London: Ashgate Publishing, 2007), pp. 441–482.
 * (1997). "Stalingrad: An Examination of Hitler’s Decision to Airlift." Airpower Journal 11(1): 21–37. Spring 1997. Also published by the U.S. Air Force in a Portuguese translation as "Estalingrado: Um Exame da Decisão de Hitler a Respeito do Transporte Aéreo."
 * (1997). "The German Use of Airpower at Kharkov, May 1942." Air Power History 44(2): 18–29. Summer 1997.
 * (1997). "Von Richthofen's 'giant fire-magic': The Luftwaffe's Contribution to the Battle of Kerch, 1942." The Journal of Slavic Military Studies 10(2): 97–124. June 1997.
 * (1998). "A Case Study in Effective Command: An Analysis of Field Marshal Richthofen's Character and Career." New Zealand Army Journal 18: 7–18. January 1998.
 * (1999). "NATO's War in the Balkans: A Preliminary Analysis." New Zealand Army Journal 21: 1–17. July 1999.
 * (1999). "A Case Study in Early Joint Warfare: An Analysis of the Wehrmacht's Crimean Campaign of 1942." The Journal of Strategic Studies 22(4): 103–130. December 1999. Also in German translation as "Eine Fallstudie früher integrierter Kriegführung: Eine Analyse des Krimfeldzuges der Wehrmacht im Jahre 1942." Reprinted in Jeremy Black, ed., The Second World War, Volume I: The German War 1939–1942 (London: Ashgate, 2007), pp. 483–510.
 * (2000). "Too Little, Too Late: An Analysis of Hitler's Failure in August 1942 to Damage Soviet Oil Production." The Journal of Military History 64(3): 769–794. July 2000. Also in Spanish translation as "Demasiado Poco, Demasiado Tarde: Un Análisis del Fracaso de Hitler en Agos-to de 1942 de Dañar la Producción Pe-trolífera Soviética." Reprinted in Jeremy Black, ed., The Second World War, Volume I: The German War 1939–1942 (London: Ashgate, 2007), pp. 511–536.
 * (2001). "Horatio Lord Nelson's Warfighting Style and the Maneuver Warfare Paradigm." Defence Studies 1(2): 15–37. Summer 2001.
 * (2002). "Prayers Before Battle: The Spiritual Utterances of Three Great Commanders." US Army Chaplaincy Journal (Winter-Spring 2002), pp. 32–40.
 * (2002). "Current and Future Command Challenges for New Zealand Defence Force Personnel." Australian Defence Force Journal 155: 39–45. July/August 2002.
 * (2009). "Air Power and the Environment: The Ecological Implications of Modern Air Warfare." Air Power Review 12(3): 15–41. Autumn 2009.
 * (2010). “Adding Brain to Brawn: The School of Advanced Air and Space Studies and its Impact on Air Power Thinking”. Air Power Review 13(2): 69–80. Summer 2010 [with Tamir Libel].
 * (2010). “The Qur’an and War: Observations on Islamic Just War”. Air Power Review 13(3): 41–63. Autumn/Winter 2010.
 * (2010). “Air Power, Ethics and Civilian Immunity during the Great War and its Aftermath”. Global War Studies 7(2): 102-130. December 2010.
 * (2010). Introduction to Shaykh-ul-Islam Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri, Fatwa on Terrorism and Suicide Bombings (London: Minhaj-ul-Quran International).
 * (2011). “Reflections on the Maxwell ‘Revolution’: John Warden and Reforms in Professional Military Education”. Air Power Review 14(1): 11-33. Spring 2011 [with Tamir Libel].
 * (2011). “Qur’anic Concepts of the Ethics of Warfare: Challenging the Claims of Islamic Aggressiveness”. Cordoba Foundation Occasional Paper, Series No. 2, April 2011. ISSN 2045-6603.

Monographs

 * (2000). Adolf Hitler and Joint Warfare. Military Studies Institute Working Papers Series No. 2/2000. Military Studies Institute, New Zealand Defence Force. (44 pp.)

Non-Fiction

 * (1998). Stopped at Stalingrad: The Luftwaffe and Hitler’s Defeat in the East 1942-1943. Modern War Studies series. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-1146-0.
 * (2000). (edited). A Joint Future? The Move to Jointness and its Implications for the New Zealand Defence Force. Massey University, Centre for Defence Studies.
 * (2003). For God and Glory: Lord Nelson and His Way of War. Annapolis, MD: U.S. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-351-9.
 * (2003). (edited with Glyn Harper). Born to Lead? Portraits of New Zealand Commanders. Auckland: Exisle Publishing. ISBN 0-908988-33-8.
 * (2006). Stalingrad. Pen & Sword Battleground series. London: Millennium. ISBN 1-84415-474-2.
 * (2009). (edited). Air Power, Insurgency and the “War on Terror”. Royal Air Force Centre for Air Power Studies. ISBN 978-0-9552189-6-5.
 * (2012). Warfare in The Qur’an. English Monograph Series — Book No. 14. Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre, Amman, Jordan. ISBN 978-9957-428-50-1.
 * (2013). (edited). Air Power and the Environment: the Ecological Implications of Modern Air Warfare. Air University Press. ISBN 978-1-58566-223-4.

Works-in-progress

 * (Expected Fall or Winter). A "Bomb and Pray" War: Explaining Yugoslavia's Stubborn Resistance to NATO Coercion in 1999.
 * “Prophet and Warrior: The Conduct and Justice of Muhammad’s Military Campaigns”. Kube Publishers. ISSN 978-0-86037-469-5.

Fiction and poetry

 * (2003). Jenny Green Teeth and other short stories. Palmerston North, New Zealand: Totem Press. ISBN 0-9582446-3-4.
 * (2003). Lifeblood: A Book of Poems. Palmerston North, New Zealand: Totem Press. ISBN 0-9582446-1-8.
 * (2012). Splitting the Moon: A Collection of Islamic Poetry Leicester: Kube Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84774-034-2.
 * (2012). No Lamp in the Cave: Three Islamic Short Stories CreateSpace. ISBN 978-1477451304.

Book Chapter

 * (2008). "The Luftwaffe’s Agility: An assessment of Relevant Concepts and Practices" in Neville Parton, editor, Air Power: The Agile Air Force. Royal Air Force. HMSO. ISBN 0-9552189-1-8. pp. 40–49.


 * (2009). "Air Power: The Quest to remove Battle from War" in John Buckley and George Kassimeris, editors, The Ashgate Companion to Modern Warfare. London: Ashgate, 2009. ISBN 978-0-7546-7410-8. pp. 49–72.


 * (2013). "Warfare in the Qur’an" in HRH Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad, Ibrahim Kalin and Mohammad Hashim Kamali, editors, War and Peace in Islam: The Uses and Abuses of Jihad (Amman: Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre / Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought), pp. 28–56.

Conference papers and presentations

 * (2006). "The Luftwaffe’s Agility: An Assessment of Relevant Concepts and Practices." Paper presented at the biennial Air Power Conference, Hendon, London, U.K., 9 and 20 July 2006.
 * (2006). "The Luftwaffe’s Agility: Some Relevant Concepts and Practices." Powerpoint presentation to accompany paper presented at the biennial Air Power Conference, Hendon, London, U.K., 9 and 20 July 2006.