Ntozake Shange



Ntozake Shange born October 18, 1948, is an American playwright, and poet. As a self proclaimed black feminist, much of the content of her work addresses issues relating to race and feminism.

Shange is best known for the Obie Award-winning play For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is Enuf.

She also wrote Betsey Brown, a novel about an African American girl who runs away from home. Among her honors and awards are fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation and the Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund, and a Pushcart Prize. Shange lives in Brooklyn.

Early life
Shange was born Paulette L. Williams in Trenton, New Jersey to an upper-middle-class family. Her father, Paul T. Williams, was an Air Force surgeon, and her mother, Eloise Williams, was an educator and a psychiatric social worker. When she was 8, Shange's family moved to the racially segregated city of St. Louis. As a result of the Brown v. Board of Education court decision, Shange was bused to a white school where she endured racism and racist attacks.

Shange's family had a strong interest in the arts and encouraged her artistic education. Among the guests at their home were Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Chuck Berry, and W. E. B. Du Bois.

When Shange was 13, she returned to New Jersey, where she graduated fron Trenton Central High School. In 1966 Shange enrolled at Barnard College. She graduated cum laude in American Studies, then earned a master's degree in the same field from the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. However, Shange's college years were not all pleasant. She married during her first year in college, but the marriage did not last long. Depressed over her separation and with a strong sense of bitterness and alienation, Shange attempted suicide. In 1971, having come to terms with her depression and alienation, Shange changed her name. Ntozakhe means she who has her own things (literally things that belong to her in Xhosa) and shange means he/she who walks/lives with lions (meaning the lion's Pride in Zulu).

Career
In 1975, Shange moved to New York City, where in that year her first and most well-known play was produced—For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow is Enuf. First produced Off-Broadway, the play soon moved on to Broadway at the Booth Theater and won a number of awards, including the Obie Award, Outer Critics Circle Award, and the AUDELCO Award. This play, her most famous work, was a 20-part poem that chronicled the lives of Black women in the United States. The poem was eventually made into the stage play, was then published in book form in 1977, then made into a movie in 2010 (For Colored Girls, directed by Tyler Perry). Since then, Shange has written a number of successful plays, including an adaptation of Bertolt Brecht's Mother Courage and Her Children (1980), which won an Obie Award.

In 2003, Shange wrote and oversaw the production of Lavender Lizards and Lilac Landmines: Layla's Dream while serving as a visiting artist at the University of Florida, Gainesville.

Individual poems, essays, and short stories of hers have appeared in numerous magazines and anthologies, including The Black Scholar, Yardbird, MS, Essence Magazine, The Chicago Tribune, VIBE, and Third-World Women.

Awards

 * NDEA fellow, 1973
 * Obie Award
 * Outer Critics Circle Award
 * Audience Development Committee (Audelco) Award
 * Mademoiselle Award
 * Frank Silvera Writers' Workshop Award, 1978
 * Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Poetry, 1981 (for Three Pieces)
 * Guggenheim fellowship, 1981
 * Medal of Excellence, Columbia University, 1981
 * Obie Award, 1981, for Mother Courage and Her Children
 * Nori Eboraci Award
 * Barnard College, 1988
 * Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund annual writer's award, 1992
 * Paul Robeson Achievement Award, 1992
 * Arts and Cultural Achievement Award
 * National Coalition of 100 Black Women (Pennsylvania chapter), 1992
 * Taos World Poetry Heavyweight Champion, 1992, 1993, 1994
 * Living Legend Award, National Black Theatre Festival, 1993
 * Claim Your Life Award
 * WDAS-AM/FM, 1993
 * Monarch Merit Award
 * National Council for Culture and Art
 * Pushcart Prize

Nominations

 * Tony
 * Grammy
 * Emmy award nominations (all 1977, all for For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide/When the Rainbow Is Enuf)

Plays

 * For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is Enuf (1975) Nominated for a Tony Award, Grammy Award, and Emmy Award.
 * A Photograph: Lovers-in-Motion (1977) Produced Off-Broadway at the Public Theatre.
 * Boogie Woogie Landscapes (1979) First produced at Frank Silvera's Writers' Workshop in New York, then on Broadway at the Symphony Space Theatre.
 * Spell #7 (1979) Produced Off-Broadway at Joseph Papp's New York Shakespeare Festival Public Theatre.
 * Black and White Two Dimensional Planes (1979).
 * Mother Courage and Her Children (1980) Produced off-Broadway at the Public Theatre. Winner of a 1981 Obie Award.
 * Three for a Full Moon (1982)
 * Bocas (1982) First produced at the Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles.
 * From Okra to Greens/A Different Kinda Love Story (1983).
 * Three views of Mt. Fuji (1987) First produced in San Francisco at the Lorraine Hansberry Theatre; first produced in New York at the New Dramatists.
 * Daddy Says (1989).
 * Where the Mississippi Meets the Amazon (1977)
 * A Photograph: A Study of Cruelty (1977)
 * Mother of Courage and Her Children (1980)
 * Whitewash (1994)

Poetry

 * Melissa & Smith (1976).
 * Natural Disasters and Other Festive Occasions (1977)
 * Nappy Edges (1978)
 * A Daughter's Geography (1983)
 * From Okra to Greens (1984)
 * Ridin' the Moon in Texas: Word Paintings (St. Martin's Press, 1987)
 * The Love Space Demands (a continuing saga) (St. Martin's Press, 1987)
 * A Photograph: Lovers in Motion: A Drama (S. French, 1977)
 * Some Men (1981)
 * Three Pieces (St. Martin's Press, 1992)
 * I Live in Music (1994)
 * The Sweet Breath of Life: A Poetic Narrative of the African-American Family (Atria Books, 2004). Photography by Kamoinge Inc
 * ''Enuf
 * ''With no Immediate Cause
 * ''you are sucha fool
 * ''People of Watts (First published in Nov 1993 in VIBE Magazine)
 * ''Blood Rhyhms
 * ''Poet Hero

Novels

 * For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide/When the Rainbow is Enuf (Shameless Hussy Press, 1976)
 * Sassafrass, Cypress & Indigo (1982)
 * Betsey Brown (St. Martin's Press, 1985)
 * The Black Book (1986, with Robert Mapplethorpe).
 * Liliane (1995)
 * Some Sing, Some Cry (2010) (with Ifa Bayeza)

Children's books

 * Coretta Scott (2009)
 * Ellington Was Not a Street (2003)
 * Float Like a Butterfly: Muhammad Ali, the Man Who Could Float Like a Butterfly and Sting Like a Bee (2002)
 * Daddy Says (2003)
 * Whitewash (1997)

Essays

 * See No Evil: Prefaces, Essays & Accounts, 1976-1983 (1984)
 * If I Can Cook You Know God Can (1998)