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Charles Bukowski

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Bukowski-by-origa

Charles Bukowski (1920-1994). Sketch by Graziano Origa, 2008. Licensed under Creative Commons, courtesy Wikimedia Commons.

Charles Bukowski
File:Charles Bukowski smoking.jpg
Born Heinrich Karl Bukowski
16, 1920(1920-Template:MONTHNUMBER-16)
Andernach, Germany
Died 9, 1994(1994-Template:MONTHNUMBER-09) (aged 73)
San Pedro, California, U.S.
Occupation Novelist, poet, short story writer, columnist
Nationality German-American
Literary movement Dirty realism,[1][2] Transgressive fiction[3]

Henry Charles Bukowski (born Heinrich Karl Bukowski; August 16, 1920 - March 9, 1994) was an American poet, novelist, and short story writer.

Life[]

Overview[]

His writing was influenced by the social, cultural and economic ambience of his home city of Los Angeles. It is marked by an emphasis on the ordinary lives of poor Americans, the act of writing, alcohol, relationships with women and the drudgery of work. Bukowski wrote thousands of poems, hundreds of short stories and six novels, eventually publishing over sixty books. In 1986 Time called Bukowski a "laureate of American lowlife".[6] Regarding Bukowski's enduring popular appeal, Adam Kirsch of The New Yorker wrote, "the secret of Bukowski’s appeal. . . [is that] he combines the confessional poet’s promise of intimacy with the larger-than-life aplomb of a pulp-fiction hero."[7]

Youth[]

Bukowski was born Heinrich Karl Bukowski in Andernach, Germany, to Heinrich Bukowski and Katharina (née Fett). His mother was a native German and his father was an American serviceman with well-documented German roots who met her after World War I had ended. Bukowski's parents were Roman Catholic.[8][9] He claimed to be an illegitimate child; Andernach marital records, however, indicate that his parents married one month prior to his birth.[10]

Due to the collapse of the German economy following the end of World War I, the family emigrated to the United States in 1923, when Bukowski was two, and initially settled in Baltimore, Maryland. Wanting a more Anglophone kind of name, Bukowski's parents began addressing young Heinrich as "Henry" and altered the pronunciation of the family name (from /buːˈkɒfski/ boo-kof-skee to /buːˈkaʊski/ boo-kow-ski; the surname Bukowski is of Polish origin). The family settled in South Central Los Angeles in 1930, the city from which his father's family originated.[10]

During Bukowski's childhood his father was often unemployed, and Bukowski stated in the autobiographical Ham on Rye that, with his mother's acquiescence, his father was frequently abusive, both physically and mentally, beating his son for the smallest imagined offence.[11][12] During his youth Bukowski was shy and socially withdrawn, a condition exacerbated during his teens by an extreme case of acne. [12] Neighborhood children ridiculed his German accent and the clothing his parents made him wear.

In his early teens Henry had an epiphany when he was introduced to alcohol by his loyal friend William "Baldy" Mullinax, depicted as "Eli Lacross" in Ham on Rye, son of an alcoholic surgeon. "This [alcohol] is going to help me for a very long time", he later wrote, describing the genesis of his chronic alcoholism; or, as he saw it, the genesis of a method he could utilize to come to more amicable terms with his own life.[11] After graduating from Los Angeles High School, Bukowski attended Los Angeles City College for two years, taking courses in art, journalism and literature, before quitting at the start of World War II. He moved to New York to begin a career as a writer. [12]

On July 22, 1944, with World War II ongoing, Bukowski was arrested by FBI agents in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he was living at the time, on suspicion of draft evasion. He was held for 17 days in Philadelphia's Moyamensing Prison.. 16 days later he failed a psychological exam that was part of his mandatory military entrance "physical" and was given a Selective Service Classification of 4-F (unfit for military service).

Early writing[]

When Bukowski was 24, his short story "Aftermath of a Lengthy Rejection Slip" was published in Story magazine. 2 years later, another short story, "20 Tanks from Kasseldown", was published by the Black Sun Press in Issue III of Portfolio: An intercontinental quarterly, a limited-run, loose-leaf broadside collection printed in 1946 and edited by Caresse Crosby. Failing to break into the literary world, Bukowski grew disillusioned with the publication process and quit writing for almost a decade, a time that he referred to as a "ten-year drunk". These "lost years" formed the basis for his later semi-autobiographical chronicles, although they are fictionalized versions of Bukowski's life through his highly stylized alter-ego, Henry Chinaski.

During part of this period he continued living in Los Angeles, working at a pickle factory for a short time but also spending some time roaming about the United States, working sporadically and staying in cheap rooming houses.[9] In the early 1950s Bukowski took a job as a fill-in letter carrier with the U.S. Postal Service in Los Angeles but resigned just before he reached three years' service.

In 1955 he was treated for a near-fatal bleeding ulcer. After leaving the hospital he began to write poetry.[9] In 1957 he agreed to marry small-town Texas poet Barbara Frye, sight unseen, but they divorced in 1959. According to Howard Sounes's Charles Bukowski: Locked in the arms of a crazy life, she later died under mysterious circumstances in India. Following his divorce Bukowski resumed drinking and continued writing poetry.[9]

1960s[]

By 1960, Bukowski had returned to the post office in Los Angeles where he began work as a letter filing clerk, a position he held for more than a decade. In 1962, he was traumatized by the death of Jane Cooney Baker, the object of his 1st serious romantic attachment. Bukowski turned his inner devastation into a series of poems and stories lamenting her passing. Jane is considered to be the greatest love of his life and was the most important in a long series of muses who inspired his writing, according to biographer Jory Sherman. In 1964 a daughter, Marina Louise Bukowski, was born to Bukowski and his live-in girlfriend Frances Smith, whom he referred to as a "white-haired hippie", "shack-job" and "old snaggle-tooth". (Citation needed)

Jon and Louise Webb, now recognized as giants of the post-war 'small-press movement', published The Outsider literary magazine and featured some of Bukowski's poetry. Under the Loujon Press imprint, they published Bukowski's It Catches My Heart in Its Hands in 1963 and Crucifix in a Deathhand in 1965.

Beginning in 1967 Bukowski wrote the column "Notes of a Dirty Old Man" for Los Angeles' Open City, an underground newspaper. When Open City was shut down in 1969 the column was picked up by the Los Angeles Free Press along with NOLA Express in New Orleans, Louisiana, a hippie underground paper. In 1969 Bukowski and Neeli Cherkovski launched their own short-lived mimeographed literary magazine, Laugh Literary and Man the Humping Guns. They produced 3 issues over the next 2 years. (Citation needed)

Black Sparrow years[]

In 1969 Bukowski accepted an offer from Black Sparrow Press publisher John Martin and quit his post office job to dedicate himself to full-time writing. He was then 49 years old. As he explained in a letter at the time, "I have one of two choices – stay in the post office and go crazy ... or stay out here and play at writer and starve. I have decided to starve."[13] Less than one month after leaving the postal service he finished his 1st novel, Post Office. As a measure of respect for Martin's financial support and faith in a relatively unknown writer, Bukowski published almost all of his subsequent major works with Black Sparrow Press. As an avid supporter of the small independent presses, however, he continued to submit poems and short stories to innumerable small publications throughout his career.[12]

Bukowski embarked on a series of love affairs and one-night trysts. One of these relationships was with Linda King, a poet and sculptress. Critic Robert Peters viewed the debut of Linda King’s play The Tenant in which she and Bukowski starred back in the 1970s in Los Angeles. This play was a one-off performance. His other affairs were with a recording executive and a 23 year-old redhead; he wrote a book of poetry as a tribute of his love for the latter, titled, "Scarlet" (Black Sparrow Press, 1976). His various affairs and relationships provided material for his stories and poems. Another important relationship was with "Tanya", pseudonym of "Amber O'Neil" (also a pseudonym), described in Bukowski's "Women" as a pen-pal that evolved into a weekend tryst at Bukowski's residence in Los Angeles in the 1970s. "Amber O'Neil" later self-published a chapbook about the affair entitled "Blowing My Hero."[14]

File:CharlesBukowski-2.jpg

Charles Bukowski in 1990

In 1976, Bukowski met Linda Lee Beighle, a health food restaurant owner, aspiring actress and devotee of Meher Baba, leader of an Indian religious society. Two years later Bukowski moved from the East Hollywood area, where he had lived for most of his life, to the harborside community of San Pedro,[15] the southernmost district of the City of Los Angeles. Beighle followed him and they lived together intermittently over the next two years. They were eventually married by Manly Palmer Hall, a Canadian-born author and mystic, in 1985. Beighle is referred to as "Sara" in Bukowski's novels Women and Hollywood.(Citation needed)

Death[]

Bukowski died of leukemia on March 9, 1994, in San Pedro, California, aged 73, shortly after completing his last novel, Pulp.

The funeral rites, orchestrated by his widow, were conducted by Buddhist monks. An account of the proceedings can be found in Gerald Locklin's book Charles Bukowski: A Sure Bet. His gravestone reads: "Don't Try", a phrase which Bukowski uses in 1 of his poems, advising aspiring writers and poets about inspiration and creativity. Bukowski explained the phrase in a 1963 letter to John William Corrington: "Somebody at one of these places [...] asked me: 'What do you do? How do you write, create?' You don't, I told them. You don't try. That's very important: 'not' to try, either for Cadillacs, creation or immortality. You wait, and if nothing happens, you wait some more. It's like a bug high on the wall. You wait for it to come to you. When it gets close enough you reach out, slap out and kill it. Or if you like its looks you make a pet out of it."[16]

In 2007 and 2008 there was a movement to save Bukowski's bungalow at 5124 De Longpre Ave. from destruction.[12] The campaign was spearheaded by preservationist Lauren Everett. The cause was covered extensively in the local and international press, including a feature in Beatdom magazine, and was ultimately successful. The bungalow subsequently was listed as a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument called Bukowski Court. The cause was criticized by some as cheapening Bukowski's "outsider" reputation.[17][18]

Writing[]

Bukowski published extensively in small literary magazines and with small presses beginning in the early 1940s and continuing on through the early 1990s. These poems and stories were later republished by Black Sparrow Press (now HarperCollins/ECCO) as collected volumes of his work. In the 1980s he collaborated with illustrator Robert Crumb on a series of comic books, with Bukowski supplying the writing and Crumb providing the artwork.

Bukowski also performed live readings of his works, beginning in 1962 on radio station KPFK in Los Angeles and increasing in frequency through the 1970s. Drinking was often a featured part of the readings, along with a combative banter with the audience.(Citation needed) By the late 1970s Bukowski's income was sufficient to give up live readings. His last international performance was in October 1979 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It was released on DVD as There's Gonna be a God Damn Riot in Here.[19] In March 1980 he gave his very last reading at the Sweetwater club in Redondo Beach, which was released as Hostage on audio CD and The Last Straw on DVD.[20][21]

Bukowski often spoke of Los Angeles as his favorite subject. In a 1974 interview he said, "You live in a town all your life, and you get to know every bitch on the street corner and half of them you have already messed around with. You've got the layout of the whole land. You have a picture of where you are.... Since I was raised in L.A., I've always had the geographical and spiritual feeling of being here. I've had time to learn this city. I can't see any other place than L.A."[13]

One critic has described Bukowski's fiction as a "detailed depiction of a certain taboo male fantasy: the uninhibited bachelor, slobby, anti-social, and utterly free", an image he tried to live up to with sometimes riotous public poetry readings and boorish party behaviour.[22] Since his death in 1994 Bukowski has been the subject of a number of critical articles and books about both his life and writings. His work has received relatively little attention from academic critics. ECCO continues to release new collections of his poetry, culled from the thousands of works published in small literary magazines. According to ECCO, the 2007 release The People Look Like Flowers At Last will be his final posthumous release as now all his once-unpublished work has been published.[23]

In June 2006 Bukowski's literary archive was donated by his widow to the Huntington Library in San Marino, California. Copies of all editions of his work published by the Black Sparrow Press are held at Western Michigan University which purchased the archive of the publishing house after its closure in 2003.

Recognition[]

Main article: Charles Bukowski's influence on popular culture

Bukowski: Born Into This, a film documenting the author's life, was released in 2003. It features contributions from Sean Penn, Tom Waits, Harry Dean Stanton and Bono (U2's song "Dirty Day" was dedicated to Bukowski when released in 1993). In 1981, the Italian director Marco Ferreri made a film, Storie di ordinaria follia aka Tales of Ordinary Madness, based on the short stories of Bukowski.[24] Ben Gazzara played the role of Bukowski's character.

Barfly (1987) starred Mickey Rourke as Henry Chinaski (Bukowski) and Faye Dunaway as Wanda Wilcox (his lover). Sean Penn had offered to play the part of Chinaski (Bukowski) for as little as a dollar as long as his friend Dennis Hopper would provide direction. (Citation needed) But the European director Barbet Schroeder had invested many years and thousands of dollars in the project and Bukowski felt Schroeder deserved to make it.(Citation needed) Bukowski wrote the screenplay for the film and appears as a bar patron in a brief cameo.

A film adaptation of Factotum, starring Matt Dillon, Lili Taylor, and Marisa Tomei, was released in 2005.

In 2011, the actor James Franco publicly stated that he is in the process of making a film adaptation of Bukowski's novel Ham on Rye.[25] He is currently writing the script with his brother David Franco and explained that his reason for wanting to make the film is because "[Ham on Rye] is one of my favorite books of all time."

Publications[]

Poetry[]

  • Flower, Fist, and Bestial Wail. Hearse Press, 1959.
  • Longshot Poems for Broke Players. 7 Poets Press, 1961.
  • Run with the Hunted. Chicago: Midwest Poetry Chapbooks, 1962.[26]
  • Poems and Drawings. EPOS, 1962.
  • It Catches My Heart in Its Hands: New and selected poems, 1955-1963. New Orleans, LA: Loujon Press, 1963.
  • Grip the Walls. Wormwood Review Press, 1964.
  • Cold Dogs in the Courtyard. Literary Times, 1965.
  • Crucifix in a Deathhand: New poems, 1963-1965. New Orleans, LA: Loujon Press, 1965.
  • The Genius of the Crowd. 7 Flowers Press, 1966.
  • True Story. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1966.
  • On Going out to Get the Mail. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1966.
  • To Kiss the Worms Goodnight. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1966.
  • The Girls. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1966.
  • The Flower Lover. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1966.
  • Night's Work. Wormwood Review, 1966.
  • 2 by Bukowski. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1967.
  • The Curtains Are Waving. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1967.
  • At Terror Street and Agony Way. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1968.
  • Poems Written before Jumping out of an 8-Story Window. Salt Lake City, UT: Litmus, 1968.
  • If We Take.... Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1969.
  • The Days Run away like Wild Horses over the Hills. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1969, 1993.
  • Another Academy. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1970.
  • Fire Station. Santa Barbara, CA: Capricorn Press, 1970.
  • Mockingbird, Wish Me Luck. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1972.
  • Me and Your Sometimes Love Poems. Los Angeles, CA: Kisskill Press, 1972.
  • While the Music Played. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1973.
  • Love Poems to Marina. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1973.
  • Burning in Water, Drowning in Flame: Selected poems, 1955-1973. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1974.
  • Chilled Green. Alternative Press, 1975.
  • Africa, Paris, Greece. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1975.
  • Weather Report. Pomegranate Press, 1975.
  • Winter. No Mountain, 1975.
  • Tough Company (bound with The Last Poem by Diane Wakoski). Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1975.
  • Scarlet. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1976.
  • Maybe Tomorrow. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1977.
  • Love Is a Dog from Hell: Poems, 1974-1977. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1977.
  • Legs, Hips, and Behind. Wormwood Review Press, 1979.
  • Play the Piano Drunk like a Percussion Instrument until the Fingers Begin to Bleed a Bit. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1979.
  • A Love Poem. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1979.
  • Dangling in the Tournefortia. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1981
    • republished, New York: Ecco Press, 2002.
  • The Last Generation. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1982.
  • Sparks. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1983.
  • War All the Time: Poems 1981-1984. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1984.
  • The Roominghouse Madrigals: Early Selected Poems, 1946-1966. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1988.
  • Beauti-ful, and other long poems. Wormwood Books & Magazines, 1988.
  • People Poems, 1982-1991. Wormwood Books & Magazines, 1991.
  • The Last Night of the Earth Poems. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1992.
  • Heat Wave (with Kenneth Price). Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow Graphic Arts, 1995.
  • Bone Palace Ballet: New poems. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1997.
  • The Captain Is out to Lunch and the Sailors Have Taken over the Ship. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1998; New York: Ecco, 2002.
  • What Matters Most Is How Well You Walk through the Fire. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1999.
  • Open All Night: New poems. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 2000.
  • The Night Torn Mad with Footsteps. New York: Ecco, 2002.
  • Sifting Through the Madness for the Line, the Word, the Way. New York: Ecco, 2004.
  • Slouching Toward Nirvana. New York: Ecco, 2005.
  • Come On In!. New York: Ecco, 2006.
  • The People Look like Flowers at Last. New York: Ecco, 2007.
  • The Pleasures of the Damned: Poems, 1951-1993. New York: Ecco, 2007.
  • The Continual Condition. New York: Ecco, 2009.
  • Absence of the Hero. San Francisco, CA: City Lights, 2010.

Play[]

  • Barfly (screenplay based on Bukowski's life), Cannon Group, 1987
    • published as The Movie "Barfly": An original screenplay by Charles Bukowski for a film by Barbet Schroeder. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1987.

Novels[]

  • Post Office. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1971.
  • Factotum. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1975.
  • Women. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1978.
  • Ham on Rye. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1982.
  • Horsemeat. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1982.
  • Hollywood. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1989.
  • Pulp. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow 1994.

Short Fiction[]

  • Notes of a Dirty Old Man. North Hollywood, CA: Essex House, 1969, 1973.
  • Erections, Ejaculations, exhibitions, and general tales of ordinary madness. San Francisco, CA: City Lights, 1972
    • abridged edition published as Life and Death in the Charity Ward. London: London Magazine Editions, 1974
    • selections (edited by Gail Ghiarello) published as Tales of Ordinary Madness and The Most Beautiful Woman in Town, and other stories. (2 volumes), San Francisco, CA: City Lights, 1983.
  • South of No North: Stories of the buried life. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1973.
  • Bring Me Your Love (illustrated by R. Crumb). Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1983.
  • Hot Water Music. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1983.
  • There's No Business. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1984.

Non-fiction[]

  • Confessions of a Man Insane Enough to Live with Beasts. Bensonville, IL: Mimeo Press, 1966.
  • All the Assholes in the World and Mine. Bensonville, IL: Open Skull Press, 1966.
  • Art. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1977.
  • What They Want. Neville, 1977.
  • We'll Take Them. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1978.
  • You Kissed Lilly. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1978.
  • Shakespeare Never Did This. San Francisco, CA: City Lights, 1979.
  • Under the Influence: A Charles Bukowski checklist. Water Row Press, 1984.
  • You Get so Alone at Times That It Just Makes Sense. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1986.
  • A Visitor Complains of My Disenfranchise (limited edition). Illuminati, 1987.
  • Confession of a Coward. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1995.
  • Charles Bukowski: Laughing with the gods (interview with Fernada Pivano). Northville, MI: Sun Dog Press, 2000.
  • Reach for the Sun, Volume 3. New York: Ecco, 2002.

Collected editions[]

  • A Bukowski Sampler (edited by Douglas Blazek). Quixote Press, 1969.
  • Septuagenarian Stew: Stories and poems. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1990.
  • Run with the Hunted: A Charles Bukowski reader (edited by John Martin). HarperCollins, 1993.
  • Betting on the Muse: Poems and stories. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1996.

Edited[]

  • Anthology of L.A. Poets (compiled with Neeli Cherry & Paul Vangelisti), Laugh Literary, 1972.
  • Seamus Cooney, Living on Luck: Selected letters, 1960s-1970s, Volume 2. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow Press, 1995.

Letters[]

  • The Bukowski/Purdy Letters: A Decade of dialogue, 1964-1974 (with Al Purdy; edited by Seamus Cooney). Sutton West, ON: Paget Press, 1983.
  • Screams from the Balcony: Selected letters 1960-1970. Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 1994.
  • Beerspit Night and Cursing: The correspondence of Charles Bukowski and Sheri Martinelli, 1960-1967 (edited by Steven Moore). Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow, 2001.


Except where noted, bibliographical information courtesy the Poetry Foundation.[27]

Audio / video[]

All_The_Way_-_a_Charles_Bukowski_Poem

All The Way - a Charles Bukowski Poem

Bukowski_reads_"The_Secret_of_My_Endurance"

Bukowski reads "The Secret of My Endurance"

Tom_Waits_reading_"Nirvana",_a_poem_by_Charles_Bukowski

Tom Waits reading "Nirvana", a poem by Charles Bukowski

Tom_Waits_reads_the_Charles_Bukowski_poem_"The_Laughing_Heart"

Tom Waits reads the Charles Bukowski poem "The Laughing Heart"

5_Poems_by_Charles_Bukowski

5 Poems by Charles Bukowski

  • Bukowski at Bellevue 1970 – Poetry Reading
  • Supervan 1977 – Feature Film (Not based on Bukowski's work but Bukowski had cameo appearance as Wet T-Shirt Contest Water Boy)
  • There's Gonna Be a God Damn Riot in Here – Filmed: 1979; DVD Release: 2008 – Poetry Reading
  • The Last Straw – Filmed: 1980; DVD Release: 2008 – Poetry Reading
  • Tales of Ordinary Madness – Feature Film
  • Poetry In Motion 1982 – General Poetry Documentary (Bukowski is a featured interviewee/talking head)
  • Barfly 1987 – Feature Film
  • Crazy Love 1987 – Feature Film (Belgium)
  • Bukowski at Bellevue (video cassette of poetry reading; broadcast on EZTV, West Hollywood, CA, 1988). Santa Rosa, CA: Black Sparrow Press, 1988.[27]
  • Bukowski: Born Into This 2002 – Biographical Documentary
  • Factotum 2005 – Feature Film
  • The Suicide 2006 – Short film
  • One Tough Mother 2010 Released on DVD – Poetry Reading

See also[]

References[]

  • Hugh Fox – Charles Bukowski: A Critical and Bibliographical Study (1969)
  • Neeli Cherkovski – Hank: The Life of Charles Bukowski (1991)
  • Russell Harrison – Against The American Dream: Essays on Charles Bukowski (1994)
  • Gay Brewer – Charles Bukowski: Twayne's United States Authors Series (1997)
  • Howard Sounes – Charles Bukowski: Locked in the Arms of a Crazy Life (1998)
  • Ben Pleasants – Visceral Bukowski (2004)
  • David Charlson – Charles Bukowski: Autobiographer, Gender Critic, Iconoclast
  • Aaron Krumhansl – A Descriptive Bibliography of the Primary Publications of Charles Bukowski (Black Sparrow Press, 1999)
  • Al Fogel – Charles Bukowski: A Comprehensive Price Guide & Checklist, 1944–1999 (2000)
  • Sanford Dorbin – A Bibliography of Charles Bukowski (Black Sparrow Press, 1969)
  • Pamela Wood – Charles Bukowski's Scarlet (Sun Dog Press, 2010; ISBN 978-0-941543-58-3)

Notes[]

  1. ↑ http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/modern_fiction_studies/v047/47.1dobozy.pdf
  2. ↑ http://www.enotes.com/short-story-criticism/bukowski-charles
  3. ↑ http://www.dalkeyarchive.com/catalog/show_comment/362
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hemmingson, Michael (October 9, 2008). The Dirty Realism Duo: Charles Bukowski & Raymond Carver. Borgo Press. pp. 70, 71. ISBN 1434402576. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Charlson, David (July 6, 2006). Charles Bukowski: Autobiographer, Gender Critic, Iconoclast. Trafford Publishing. p. 30. ISBN 1412059666. 
  6. ↑ Iyer, Pico (June 16, 1986). "Celebrities Who Travel Well". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,961603-2,00.html. Retrieved April 28, 2010. 
  7. ↑ Kirsch, Adam. "Smashed." The New Yorker. 14 March 2005
  8. ↑ The Hollywood Investigator profile of Bukowski
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Miles, Barry. Charles Bukowski.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Sounes, Howard. Charles Bukowski: Locked in the Arms of a Crazy Life, p. 8
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Bukowski, Charles (1982). Ham on Rye. Ecco. ISBN 006117758X. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 Poetry Foundation of America. Bukowski Profile
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Introduction to Charles Bukowski by Jay Dougherty
  14. ↑ Sounes, Howard. Charles Bukowski: Locked in the Arms of a Crazy Life. Grove Press, 1998. 275.
  15. ↑ Ciotti, Paul. (March 22, 1987) Los Angeles Times Bukowski: He's written more than 40 books, and in Europe he's treated like a rock star. He has dined with Norman Mailer and goes to the race track with Sean Penn. Mickey Rourke and Faye Dunaway are starring in a movie based on his life. At 66, poet Charles Bukowski is suddenly in vogue. Section: Los Angeles Times Magazine; p12.
  16. ↑ Living on Luck: Selected letters, 1960s-1970s Volume 2, 49
  17. ↑ Wills, D. 'Saving Bukowski's Bungalow', in Wills, D. (ed.) Beatdom Vol. 2 (Mauling Press: Dundee, 2008), p. 30–33
  18. ↑ The documentary "Bukowski: Born into This"
  19. ↑ All Movie Guide
  20. ↑ All Movie Guide
  21. ↑ IMDb profile
  22. ↑ Boston Review
  23. ↑ Amazon.com: The People Look Like Flowers At Last: New Poems
  24. ↑ IMDB Entry
  25. ↑ Oscar's press release. Ham on rye
  26. ↑ Run with the Hunted, Ed Smith Books. Web, Sep. 18, 2018.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Charles Bukowski 1920-1994, Poetry Foundation, Web, Aug. 13, 2012.

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