From the Misery of Don Joost by Wallace Stevens

From the Misery of Don Joost  I have finished my combat with the sun;  And my body, the old animal,  Knows nothing more.  The powerful seasons bred and killed,  And were themselves the genii  Of their own ends.  Oh, but the very self of the storm  Of sun and slaves, breeding and death,  The old animal,  The senses and feeling, the very sound  And sight, and all there was of the storm,  Knows nothing more.

From the Misery of Don Joost is a poem from Wallace Stevens's first book of poetry, Harmonium. It is in the public domain in the United States, having been published in the journal Poetry in 1921 (volume 19, October 1921).

Commentary

The only reference to this poem in Stevens's letters isn't helpful. Responding to a question from Hi Simons, he writes, "Don Joost is a jovial Don Quixote. He is an arbitrary figure." As Eleanor Cook observes, Don Joost is not jovial, and his resignation contrasts with Don Quixote's bravado.

It seems clear to me...that thou art not well-versed in the matter of adventures: these are giants; and if thou art afraid, move aside and start to pray whilst I enter with them in fierce and unequal combat. (Cervantes, Don Quixote, I.viii, trans. Edith Grossman, 2003)

Buttel lists this poem as among a few from Harmonium that anticipate Stevens's later poetry. The others on his list are "Sunday Morning", "The Snow Man by Wallace Stevens", "Another Weeping Woman by Wallace Stevens", and "The Death of a Soldier by Wallace Stevens". Mention should also be made of "Le Monocle de Mon Oncle by Wallace Stevens", with which it shares a focus on leaving youth behind. His body, the animal, has become old. He counts the passage of time by reference to the seasons, and his passage through the seasons is compared to a storm, which is abating. The combat with the sun may be a creative struggle, viewed as finished.

The writing of Harmonium was a watershed for Stevens, and this is one way he experienced it.

References

• Buttel, R. Wallace Stevens: The Making of Harmonium. 1967: Princeton University Press.
• Stevens. H. Letters of Wallace Stevens. 1966: University of California Press.
• Cook, Eleanor. A Reader's Guide to Wallace Stevens. 2007: Princeton University Press.