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Henry Taylor (19th century)

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This article is about the 19th-century English poet and dramatist. For the 18th-century English theologian, see Henry Taylor (18th century). For the 20th-century American poet, see Henry S. Taylor.


Henry Taylor Philip Van Artevelde, by Julia Margaret Cameron

Sir Henry Taylor (1800-1866). Photo by Julia Margaret Cameron (1815–1879), 1864. Courtesy Wikimedia Commons.

Sir Henry Taylor KCMG (18 October 1800 - 27 March 1886) was an English poet and dramatist, and a British civil servant.

Life[]

Overview[]

Taylor was the son of a gentleman farmer in co. Durham. After being at sea for some months and in the Naval Stores Department, he became a clerk in the Colonial Office, and remained there for 48 years, during which he exercised considerable influence on the colonial policy of the Empire. In 1872 he was made a KCMG. He wrote 4 tragedies – Isaac Comnenus (1827), Philip van Artevelde (1834), Edwin the Fair (1842), and St. Clement's Eve (1862) – also a romantic comedy, The Virgin Widow, which he renamed A Sicilian Summer; also The Eve of the Conquest, and other poems (1847). In prose he published The Statesman (1836), Notes from Life (1847), Notes from Books (1849), and an Autobiography. Of all these Philip van Artevelde was perhaps the most successful. Taylor was a man of great ability and distinction, but his dramas, with many of the qualities of good poetry, lack the final touch of genius.[1]

Youth and education[]

Taylor was born at Bishop Middleham, Durham, where his ancestors had been small landowners for some generations. His mother died while he was an infant, and he was chiefly educated by his father, a man of studious tastes, who, finding him less quick than his 2 elder brothers, allowed him to enter the navy as a midshipman.[2]

Career[]

Finding life on the waves uncongenial, Taylor remained only 8 months at sea, and after obtaining his discharge was appointed to a clerkship in the storekeeper's office. He had scarcely entered upon his duties when he was attacked by typhus fever, which carried off both his brothers, then living with him in London.[2]

In 3 or 4 years more his office was abolished while he was on duty in the West Indies. On his return he found his father happily married to a lady whose interest and sympathy proved of priceless value to him. Through her he became acquainted with her cousin, Isabella Fenwick, the neighbour and intimate friend of William Wordsworth, who introduced him to Wordsworth and Robert Southey. Under these influences he lost his early admiration for Lord Byron (whose school, whatever its merits, he was in no way calculated to adorn), and his intellectual powers developed rapidly.[2]

In October 1822 he published an article on Moore's Irish Melodies in the Quarterly Review. A year later he went to London to seek his fortune as a man of letters, and met with rapid success, though not precisely in this capacity. He became editor of the London Magazine, to which he had already contributed.[2]

In January 1824 he obtained, through the influence of Sir Henry Holland, a good appointment in the Colonial Office. He was immediately entrusted with the preparation of confidential state papers, and his opinion soon exercised an important influence on the decisions of the Secretary of State.[2]

He visited Wordsworth and Southey, travelled on the Continent with the latter, and at the same time, mainly through his friend and official colleague, the Hon. Hyde Villiers, became intimate with a very different set, the younger followers of Jeremy Bentham, without, however, adopting their opinions - "young men," he afterwards reminded John Stuart Mill, "who everyone said would be ruined by their independence, but who ended by obtaining all their hearts' desires, except one who fell by the way." (The reference is to Hyde Villiers, who died prematurely).[2]

Taylor actively promoted the emancipation of the slaves in 1833, and became an intimate ally of Sir James Stephen, then counsel to the Colonial Office, afterwards under-secretary, by whom the Act of Emancipation was principally framed. His duties at the Colonial Office were soon afterwards lightened by the appointment of James Spedding, with whom he began a friendship that lasted till the end of his life.[2]

In 1839 he married Theodosia Spring-Rice, the daughter of his former chief Lord Monteagle, and, in conjunction with Sir James Stephen, had taken a leading part in the abolition of negro apprenticeship in the West Indies.[2]

In 1847 he was offered the under-secretaryship of state for the colonies, which he declined.[2]

He retired from the Colonial Office in 1872, though continuing to be consulted by government. His last days were spent at Bournemouth in the enjoyment of universal respect; and the public, to whom he had hitherto been an almost impersonal existence, became familiarized with the extreme picturesqueness of his appearance in old age, as represented in the photographs of his friend Julia Margaret Cameron. He died on the 27th of March 1886.[2]

Writing[]

His earliest drama, Isaac Comnenus, Elizabethan in tone, and giving a lively picture of the Byzantine court and people, was published anonymously in 1828. Though highly praised by Southey, it made little impression on the public.[2]

Philip van Artevelde, an elaborate poetic drama, the subject of which had been recommended to him by Southey, was begun in 1828, published in 1834, and, aided by a laudatory criticism from Lockhart's pen in the Quarterly Review, achieved extraordinary success. Its great superiority to Taylor's other works may be explained by its being to a great extent the vehicle of his own ideas and feelings. Artevelde's early love experiences reproduce and transfigure his own. Taylor's Artevelde cannot fail to impress those who read it as the work of a poet of considerable distinction; but, perhaps for the very reason that he was so prominent as a state official, he has not been accepted by the world as more than a very accomplished man of letters.[2]

Edwin the Fair (1842) was less warmly received; but his character of Dunstan, the ecclesiastical statesman, is a fine psychological study, and the play is full of historical interest.[2]

The Statesman, a volume of essays suggested by his official position, had been published in 1836, and about the same time he had written in the Quarterly the friendly notices of Wordsworth and Southey which did much to dispel the conventional prejudices of the day, and which were published in 1849 under the somewhat misleading title of Notes from Books.[2]

Notes from Life and The Eve of the Conquest appeared in 1847; and an experiment in romantic comedy, The Virgin Widow (afterwards entitled A Sicilian Summer) was published in 1850. "The pleasantest play I had written," says the author; "and I never could tell why people would not be pleased with it." His last dramatic work was St Clement's Eve, published in 1862.[2]

His lyrical work is in general laboriously artificial, but he produced 2 well-known songs- "Quoth tongue of neither maid nor wife" and "If I had the wings of a dove."[2]

Taylor's Autobiography (2 volumes, 1885), published a year before his death, while sinning a little by the egotism pardonable in a poet and the garrulity natural to a veteran, is in the main a pleasing and faithful picture of an aspiring youth, an active maturity, and a happy and honored old age. His Autobiography should be supplemented by his Correspondence (1888), edited by Edward Dowden.[2]

His Works were collected in 5 volumes in 1877-78.[2]

Recognition[]

In 1869 Taylor was made a Knight Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George for his services to the state and to literature.[3]

His poem "Elena's Song" was included in the Oxford Book of English Verse 1250-1900.[4]

Publications[]

Poetry[]

Plays[]

Non-fiction[]

Collected editions[]

Letters[]

  • Correspondence (edited by Edward Dowden). London & New York: Longmans, Green, 1888; Folcroft, PA: Folcroft Library Editions, 1974.


Except where noted, bibliographical information courtesy WorldCat.[5]

See also[]

References[]

Notes[]

  1. ↑ John William Cousin, "Taylor, Sir Henry," A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature. London: Dent / New York: Dutton, 1910, 372. Wikisource, Web, Mar. 14, 2018.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 Taylor, Sir Henry, Encyclopædia Britannica 1911, Volume 26. Wikisource, Web, Mar. 5, 2017.
  3. ↑ John Foster Kirk, Taylor, Sir Henry, A Supplement to Allibone's Critical Dictionary of English Literature and British and American Authors, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1891, 1420. Google Books, Web, Mar. 5, 2017.
  4. ↑ "Elena's Song," Oxford Book of English Verse, 1250-1900 (edited by Arthur Quiller-Couch). Oxford, UK: Clarendon, 1919. Bartleby.com, Web, May 6, 2012.
  5. ↑ Search results = au:Henry Taylor, WorldCat, OCLC Online Computer Library Cenre Inc. Web, Nov. 30, 2013.

External links[]

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 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain, the 1911 Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Original article is at Taylor, Sir Henry

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